Valdivielso Martínez, Ana IsabelRamos Fernández, Jose MiguelPérez Frías, JavierMoreno Pérez, David2022-03-082022-03-082020-09Valdivielso Martínez AI, Ramos Fernández JM, Pérez Frías J, Moreno Pérez D. Influence of pneumococcal vaccination on the hospitalization of healthy pediatric patients due to typical Community-Acquired Pneumonia. Int J Infect Dis. 2020 Sep;98:194-199.1201-9712http://hdl.handle.net/10668/3469International Journal of Infectious Diseases, official publication of the International Society for Infectious DiseasesIntroduction Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) is one of the most frequent causes of hospital admission in children. Our objective is to measure the impact of the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on the hospitalization of previously healthy children due to CAP. Method From 2011 to 2016, a partially retrospective, prospective, and descriptive study was carried out on healthy pediatric patients (3 months–14 years old) with CAP, who required hospital admission. Clinical, epidemiological, and demographic characteristics were collected, and vaccination status was obtained from medical records. Results A total of 292 cases were included, with a mean age of 33.4 months, 54% males. There was a progressive and significant 42% decrease in the number of admissions each year, without significant changes in the annual percentage of parapneumonic pleural effusion (PPE). Fifty-six percent of patients were immunized with a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV). The percentage of children who were not vaccinated decreased by 14%, and the coverage with PCV-13 increased by 46%. This revealed a significant increase of PPE in vaccinated patients with PCV-7 (63%) compared with unvaccinated (45%) and with PCV-13 (57%), without association with the presence of severe PPE. Moreover, no significant differences in severity or hospital stay were observed in unvaccinated patients, compared to those who were vaccinated. In >2-year-olds, we observed a significant increase in PPE (59%) compared to 45% in younger children. Conclusions The increase in vaccination coverage with PCV-13 resulted in a decrease in hospitalizations due to CAP and PPE. Vaccination with PCV-7 is associated in our sample with an increase in PPE but not with severe PPE nor an increase in the hospital stay. There was an epidemiological shift of severe forms of pneumonia and empyema at later ages (>2 years).enAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacionalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Pneumococcal conjugates vaccinesPneumonia in childrenPediatricsHospitalizationCommunity-acquired infectionsPneumococcal vaccinesPediatríaNeumoníaHospitalizacionInfecciones comunitarias adquiridasVacunas neumococicasNiñoAdolescentPreescolarEstudios retrospectivosMedical Subject Headings::Persons::Persons::Age Groups::AdolescentMedical Subject Headings::Persons::Persons::Age Groups::ChildMedical Subject Headings::Persons::Persons::Age Groups::Child::Child, PreschoolMedical Subject Headings::Diseases::Bacterial Infections and Mycoses::Infection::Community-Acquired InfectionsMedical Subject Headings::Check Tags::FemaleMedical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Therapeutics::Patient Care::HospitalizationMedical Subject Headings::Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::HumansMedical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Immunologic Techniques::ImmunizationMedical Subject Headings::Persons::Persons::Age Groups::InfantMedical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Therapeutics::Patient Care::Hospitalization::Length of StayMedical Subject Headings::Check Tags::MaleMedical Subject Headings::Diseases::Respiratory Tract Diseases::Pleural Diseases::Pleural EffusionMedical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Complex Mixtures::Biological Products::Vaccines::Bacterial Vaccines::Streptococcal Vaccines::Pneumococcal VaccinesMedical Subject Headings::Diseases::Respiratory Tract Diseases::Respiratory Tract Infections::PneumoniaMedical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Epidemiologic Study Characteristics as Topic::Epidemiologic Studies::Cohort Studies::Longitudinal Studies::Prospective StudiesMedical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Epidemiologic Study Characteristics as Topic::Epidemiologic Studies::Cohort Studies::Retrospective StudiesMedical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Therapeutics::Biological Therapy::Immunomodulation::Immunotherapy::Immunization::Immunotherapy, Active::VaccinationMedical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Complex Mixtures::Biological Products::Vaccines::Vaccines, Synthetic::Vaccines, Conjugateresearch article32553718open access10.1016/j.ijid.2020.06.0341878-3511