Wang, XuMontoyo-Pujol, Yoel GenaroBermudez, SandraCorpas, GonzaloMartin, AurelioAlmazan, FranciscoCabrera, TeresaLópez-Nevot, Miguel Angel2022-09-022022-09-022021-01-28Wang X, Montoyo-Pujol YG, Bermudez S, Corpas G, Martin A, Almazan F. Serum Cytokine Profiles of Melanoma Patients and Their Association with Tumor Progression and Metastasis. J Oncol. 2021 Jan 28;2021:66107691687-8450http://hdl.handle.net/10668/3987Purpose: Previous studies have shown that melanoma cells produce excessive levels of cytokines, which have various biological roles during melanoma development. The aim of this study was to expand the profile of serum cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and angiogenic factors that are associated with melanoma, to find more cytokines with abnormal concentrations in melanoma patients, to identify whether the level of cytokines correlated with prognostic variants, such as Breslow thickness and BRAF mutation, and, finally, to find out the cytokines that play important roles during melanoma development. Materials and methods: Multiplex immunobead assay technology and 45-plex immunoassays ProcartaPlex™ kits were used to simultaneously compare the levels of cytokines, growth factors, angiogenic factors, and chemokines between the serum of healthy patients (n = 30) and those with melanoma (n = 72). Data were analyzed according to the clinical characteristics of the designated patient subgroups.Results: Compared to the control group, melanoma patients had higher levels of VEGF-A, PDGF-BB, IL-1RA, PIGF-1, IFN-γ, TNF-α, MIP-1α, and SCF, but lower levels of BDNF, SDF-1α, MCP-1, Eotaxin, EGF, and IL-7. Furthermore, the levels of TNF-α (P=0.320, r = 0.019), IFN-γ (P=0.311, r = 0.023), VEGF-A (P=0.014, r = 0.337), and BDNF (0.004, r = -0.391) showed a significant correlation with Breslow thickness. IL-7 was of lower levels in patients harboring BRAF mutants. Melanoma patients with high levels of MIP-1α and MCP-1 showed the poorest overall survival. Conclusions: We found that the levels of VEGF-A and PDGF-BB in the serum of both primary and metastatic melanoma patients are elevated. TNF-α, IFN-γ, and VEGF-A presented a positive correlation with Breslow thickness, whereas BDNF showed a negative association. MIP-1α and MCP-1 correlated negatively with survival. In addition, lower levels of IL-7 were found in patients harboring BRAF mutants. These findings indicate that these cytokines may play critical roles in the progression of melanoma.enAtribución 4.0 Internacionalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Vascular endothelial growth factor AFactor A de Crecimiento Endotelial VascularBrain-derived neurotrophic factorFactor neurotrófico derivado del encéfaloBDNFEpidermal growth factorFactor de crecimiento epidérmicoEGFCytokinesCitocinasChemokinesQuimiocinasMelanomaMedical Subject Headings::Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::HumansMedical Subject Headings::Check Tags::FemaleMedical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Biological Factors::Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins::Angiogenic Proteins::Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors::Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor AMedical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Biological Factors::Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins::Nerve Growth Factors::Brain-Derived Neurotrophic FactorMedical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Biological Factors::Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins::Epidermal Growth FactorMedical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Biological Factors::Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins::Cytokines::Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist ProteinMedical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Biological Factors::Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins::Cytokines::Interleukins::Interleukin-7Medical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins::Proteins::Neoplasm Proteins::Oncogene Proteins::Proto-Oncogene Proteins::raf Kinases::Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-rafMedical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Diagnosis::PrognosisMedical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Methods::Research Design::Control GroupsMedical Subject Headings::Phenomena and Processes::Cell Physiological Phenomena::Cell Physiological Processes::Cell Cycle::Cell Division::CytokinesisMedical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins::Peptides::Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins::Cytokines::ChemokinesMedical Subject Headings::Diseases::Neoplasms::Neoplasms by Histologic Type::Nevi and Melanomas::MelanomaMedical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Immunologic Techniques::ImmunoassayMedical Subject Headings::Phenomena and Processes::Genetic Phenomena::Genetic Variation::Mutationresearch article33574842open access10.1155/2021/66107691687-8469