Berná, GenovevaOliveras-López, María JesúsJurado-Ruíz, EnriqueTejedo, JuanBedoya, FranciscoSoria, BernatMartín, Franz2016-08-022016-08-022014-11Berná G, Oliveras-López MJ, Jurado-Ruíz E, Tejedo J, Bedoya F, Soria B, et al. Nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics insights into diabetes etiopathogenesis. Nutrients. 2014; 6(11):5338-69http://hdl.handle.net/10668/2286Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review;Diabetes mellitus (DM) is considered a global pandemic, and the incidence of DM continues to grow worldwide. Nutrients and dietary patterns are central issues in the prevention, development and treatment of this disease. The pathogenesis of DM is not completely understood, but nutrient-gene interactions at different levels, genetic predisposition and dietary factors appear to be involved. Nutritional genomics studies generally focus on dietary patterns according to genetic variations, the role of gene-nutrient interactions, gene-diet-phenotype interactions and epigenetic modifications caused by nutrients; these studies will facilitate an understanding of the early molecular events that occur in DM and will contribute to the identification of better biomarkers and diagnostics tools. In particular, this approach will help to develop tailored diets that maximize the use of nutrients and other functional ingredients present in food, which will aid in the prevention and delay of DM and its complications. This review discusses the current state of nutrigenetics, nutrigenomics and epigenomics research on DM. Here, we provide an overview of the role of gene variants and nutrient interactions, the importance of nutrients and dietary patterns on gene expression, how epigenetic changes and micro RNAs (miRNAs) can alter cellular signaling in response to nutrients and the dietary interventions that may help to prevent the onset of DM.enDiabetes MellitusMedical Subject Headings::Diseases::Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases::Metabolic Diseases::Glucose Metabolism Disorders::Diabetes MellitusMedical Subject Headings::Phenomena and Processes::Physiological Phenomena::Nutritional Physiological Phenomena::DietMedical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Models, Animal::Disease Models, AnimalMedical Subject Headings::Phenomena and Processes::Genetic Phenomena::Genetic Processes::Gene Expression Regulation::Epigenesis, GeneticMedical Subject Headings::Phenomena and Processes::Genetic Phenomena::Genetic Processes::Gene ExpressionMedical Subject Headings::Phenomena and Processes::Genetic Phenomena::Genotype::Genetic Predisposition to DiseaseMedical Subject Headings::Phenomena and Processes::Genetic Phenomena::Genetic VariationMedical Subject Headings::Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::HumansMedical Subject Headings::Information Science::Information Science::Data Collection::Vital Statistics::Morbidity::IncidenceMedical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Nucleic Acids, Nucleotides, and Nucleosides::Antisense Elements (Genetics)::RNA, Antisense::MicroRNAsMedical Subject Headings::Disciplines and Occupations::Natural Science Disciplines::Biological Science Disciplines::Biology::Genetics::Genomics::NutrigenomicsMedical Subject Headings::Organisms::Eukaryota::Animalsreview article25421534open access10.3390/nu61153382072-6643PMC4245593