García-Ricobaraza, MaríaGarcía-Santos, José AntonioEscudero-Marín, MireiaDiéguez, EstefaníaCerdó, TomásCampoy, Cristina2022-10-282022-10-282021-11-01García-Ricobaraza M, García-Santos JA, Escudero-Marín M, Diéguez E, Cerdó T, Campoy C. Short- and Long-Term Implications of Human Milk Microbiota on Maternal and Child Health. Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Nov 1;22(21):11866.http://hdl.handle.net/10668/4295Human milk (HM) is considered the most complete food for infants as its nutritional composition is specifically designed to meet infant nutritional requirements during early life. HM also provides numerous biologically active components, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids, milk fat globules, IgA, gangliosides or polyamines, among others; in addition, HM has a "bifidogenic effect", a prebiotic effect, as a result of the low concentration of proteins and phosphates, as well as the presence of lactoferrin, lactose, nucleotides and oligosaccharides. Recently, has been a growing interest in HM as a potential source of probiotics and commensal bacteria to the infant gut, which might, in turn, influence both the gut colonization and maturation of infant immune system. Our review aims to address practical approaches to the detection of microbial communities in human breast milk samples, delving into their origin, composition and functions. Furthermore, we will summarize the current knowledge of how HM microbiota dysbiosis acts as a short- and long-term predictor of maternal and infant health. Finally, we also provide a critical view of the role of breast milk-related bacteria as a novel probiotic strategy in the prevention and treatment of maternal and offspring diseases.enAtribución 4.0 InternacionalAtribución 4.0 Internacionalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Human milkMicrobiotaHealth programmingProbioticsDysbiosisFatty acidsImmune systemChild healthLeche humanaProgramación de servicios de saludProbióticosDisbiosisÁcidos grasosSistema inmunológicoSalud infantilMedical Subject Headings::Organisms::BacteriaMedical Subject Headings::Phenomena and Processes::Microbiological Phenomena::Bacterial Physiological PhenomenaMedical Subject Headings::Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::HumansMedical Subject Headings::Persons::Persons::Age Groups::InfantMedical Subject Headings::Anatomy::Fluids and Secretions::Bodily Secretions::Milk, HumanMedical Subject Headings::Technology and Food and Beverages::Food and Beverages::Food::Dietary Supplements::ProbioticsMedical Subject Headings::Check Tags::FemaleMedical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Enzymes and Coenzymes::Enzymes::Hydrolases::Peptide Hydrolases::Endopeptidases::Serine Endopeptidases::LactoferrinMedical Subject Headings::Diseases::Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms::Pathologic Processes::DysbiosisMedical Subject Headings::Phenomena and Processes::Microbiological Phenomena::MicrobiotaMedical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins::Proteins::Globulins::Serum Globulins::Immunoglobulins::Antibodies::Immunoglobulin Isotypes::Immunoglobulin AMedical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Lipids::Fatty Acids::Fatty Acids, UnsaturatedMedical Subject Headings::Phenomena and Processes::Physiological Phenomena::Nutritional Physiological Phenomena::Nutritional RequirementsMedical Subject Headings::Anatomy::Hemic and Immune Systems::Immune SystemMedical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Lipids::Glycolipids::Glycosphingolipids::Acidic Glycosphingolipids::GangliosidesMedical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Nucleic Acids, Nucleotides, and Nucleosides::NucleotidesMedical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Inorganic Chemicals::Phosphorus Compounds::Phosphorus Acids::Phosphoric Acids::PhosphatesMedical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Organic Chemicals::Amines::Polyaminesreview article34769296Acceso abierto10.3390/ijms2221118661422-0067PMC8584477