Imamura, FumiakiSchulze, Matthias BSharp, Stephen JGuevara, MarcelaRomaguera, DoraBendinelli, BenedettaSalamanca-Fernández, ElenaArdanaz, EvaArriola, LarraitzAune, DagfinnBoeing, HeinerDow, CourtneyFagherazzi, GuyFranks, Paul WFreisling, HeinzJakszyn, PaulaKaaks, RudolfKhaw, Kay-TeeKühn, TilmanMancini, Francesca RMasala, GiovannaChirlaque, Maria-DoloresNilsson, Peter MOvervad, KimPala, Valeria MPanico, SalvatorePerez-Cornago, AuroraQuirós, Jose RRicceri, FulvioRodríguez-Barranco, MiguelRolandsson, OlovSluijs, IvonneStepien, MagdalenaSpijkerman, Annemieke M WTjønneland, AnneTong, Tammy Y NTumino, RosarioVissers, Linda E TWard, Heather ALangenberg, ClaudiaRiboli, ElioForouhi, Nita GWareham, Nick J2023-01-252023-01-252019http://hdl.handle.net/10668/14382Beverage consumption is a modifiable risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D), but there is insufficient evidence to inform the suitability of substituting 1 type of beverage for another. The aim of this study was to estimate the risk of T2D when consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) was replaced with consumption of fruit juice, milk, coffee, or tea. In the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-InterAct case-cohort study of 8 European countries (n = 27,662, with 12,333 cases of incident T2D, 1992-2007), beverage consumption was estimated at baseline by dietary questionnaires. Using Prentice-weighted Cox regression adjusting for other beverages and potential confounders, we estimated associations of substituting 1 type of beverage for another on incident T2D. Mean ± SD of estimated consumption of SSB was 55 ± 105 g/d. Means ± SDs for the other beverages were as follows: fruit juice, 59 ± 101 g/d; milk, 209 ± 203 g/d; coffee, 381 ± 372 g/d; and tea, 152 ± 282 g/d. Substituting coffee for SSBs by 250 g/d was associated with a 21% lower incidence of T2D (95% CI: 12%, 29%). The rate difference was -12.0 (95% CI: -20.0, -5.0) per 10,000 person-years among adults consuming SSBs ≥250 g/d (absolute rate = 48.3/10,000). Substituting tea for SSBs was estimated to lower T2D incidence by 22% (95% CI: 15%, 28%) or -11.0 (95% CI: -20.0, -2.6) per 10,000 person-years, whereas substituting fruit juice or milk was estimated not to alter T2D risk significantly. These findings indicate a potential benefit of substituting coffee or tea for SSBs for the primary prevention of T2D and may help formulate public health recommendations on beverage consumption in different populations.enAttribution 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/beveragesdiabetesdietary guidelinesepidemiologysugar-sweetened beveragesCase-Control StudiesCoffeeCohort StudiesDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2EuropeFemaleHumansIncidenceMaleMiddle AgedProspective StudiesRisk FactorsSugar-Sweetened BeveragesTearesearch article31396627open access10.1093/jn/nxz1561541-6100PMC6825826https://academic.oup.com/jn/article-pdf/149/11/1985/30341860/nxz156.pdfhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6825826/pdf