Vissers, Linda E TSluijs, Ivonnevan der Schouw, Yvonne TForouhi, Nita GImamura, FumiakiBurgess, StephenBarricarte, AurelioBoeing, HeinerBonet, CatalinaChirlaque, Maria-DoloresFagherazzi, GuyFranks, Paul WFreisling, HeinzGunter, Marc JQuirós, J RamónIbsen, Daniel BKaaks, RudolfKey, TimothyKhaw, Kay TKühn, TilmanMokoroa, OlatzNilsson, Peter MOvervad, KimPala, ValeriaPalli, DomenicoPanico, SalvatoreSacerdote, CarlottaSpijkerman, Annemieke M WTjonneland, AnneTumino, RosarioRodríguez-Barranco, MiguelRolandsson, OlovRiboli, ElioSharp, Stephen JLangenberg, ClaudiaWareham, Nicholas J2023-01-252023-01-252019-02-06http://hdl.handle.net/10668/13529To estimate the causal association between intake of dairy products and incident type 2 diabetes. The analysis included 21,820 European individuals (9,686 diabetes cases) of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-InterAct case-cohort study. Participants were genotyped, and rs4988235 (LCT-12910C>T), a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) for lactase persistence (LP) that enables digestion of dairy sugar, i.e., lactose, was imputed. Baseline dietary intakes were assessed with diet questionnaires. We investigated the associations between imputed SNP dosage for rs4988235 and intake of dairy products and other foods through linear regression. Mendelian randomization (MR) estimates for the milk-diabetes relationship were obtained through a two-stage least squares regression. Each additional LP allele was associated with a higher intake of milk (β 17.1 g/day, 95% CI 10.6-23.6) and milk beverages (β 2.8 g/day, 95% CI 1.0-4.5) but not with intake of other dairy products. Other dietary intakes associated with rs4988235 included fruits (β -7.0 g/day, 95% CI -12.4 to -1.7 per additional LP allele), nonalcoholic beverages (β -18.0 g/day, 95% CI -34.4 to -1.6), and wine (β -4.8 g/day, 95% CI -9.1 to -0.6). In instrumental variable analysis, LP-associated milk intake was not associated with diabetes (hazard ratioper 15 g/day 0.99, 95% CI 0.93-1.05). rs4988235 was associated with milk intake but not with intake of other dairy products. This MR study does not suggest that milk intake is associated with diabetes, which is consistent with previous observational and genetic associations. LP may be associated with intake of other foods as well, but owing to the modest associations, we consider it unlikely that this caused the observed null result.enAdultAnimalsCase-Control StudiesCohort StudiesDairy ProductsDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2EatingFemaleGene-Environment InteractionGenotypeHumansIncidenceLactaseMaleMendelian Randomization AnalysisMiddle AgedMilkNeoplasmsNutrition AssessmentPolymorphism, Single NucleotideRisk Factorsresearch article30728219open access10.2337/dc18-20341935-5548PMC7340535https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc7340535?pdf=renderhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7340535/pdf