Kallewaard, Jan WillemPaz-Solis, Jose FranciscoDe Negri, PasqualeCanós-Verdecho, Maria AngelesBelaid, HayatThomson, Simon JAbejón, DavidVesper, JanMehta, VivekRigoard, PhilippeMaino, PaoloLove-Jones, SarahPeña, Isaac FBayerl, SimonPerruchoud, ChristopheBougeard, RenaudMertz, CleoPei, YuJain, Roshini2025-01-072025-01-072021-09-102077-0383https://hdl.handle.net/10668/27357Given the differing mechanisms thought to underlie therapeutic sub- and supra-perception-based neurostimulative modalities, Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS) systems designed for combined delivery of these approaches may help improve analgesic outcomes and quality of life, and reduce treatment failures. This multicenter, observational case-series evaluated 188 patients with chronic back and/or leg pain implanted with an SCS device capable of sequential or simultaneous delivery of sub-perception and supra-perception stimulation programming (i.e., combination therapy) at 16 in Europe. Following implantation, patients were provided with an array of advanced supra-perception programs (e.g., paresthesia-based SCS using multiple independent current sources), and a custom set of sub-perception programs optimized with specific waveforms and/or field shapes. A mean overall pain score of 7.9 ± 1.7 (Standard Deviation (SD)) was reported pre-trial (Baseline). Overall pain was reduced by 4.4 ± 2.8 points (NRS) at 3-months (n = 117) and at 12 months post-implant (n = 90), respectively (penAttribution 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/SCSchronic paincombination therapycustomized stimulation field targetingspinal cord stimulationresearch article34575196open access10.3390/jcm10184085PMC8466217https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/18/4085/pdf?version=1633752937https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8466217/pdf