Farace, CristianoSánchez-Moreno, PaolaOrecchioni, MarcoManetti, RobertoSgarrella, FrancescoAsara, YolandePeula-García, José M.Marchal, Juan A.Madeddu, RobertoDelogu, Lucia G.2016-05-132016-05-132016-01-05Farace C, Sánchez-Moreno P, Orecchioni M, Manetti R, Sgarrella F, Asara Y, et al. Immune cell impact of three differently coated lipid nanocapsules: pluronic, chitosan and polyethylene glycol. Sci Rep. 2016; 6:18423http://hdl.handle.net/10668/2189Journal Article;Lipid nanocapsules (NCs) represent promising tools in clinical practice for diagnosis and therapy applications. However, the NC appropriate functionalization is essential to guarantee high biocompatibility and molecule loading ability. In any medical application, the immune system-impact of differently functionalized NCs still remains to be fully understood. A comprehensive study on the action exerted on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and major immune subpopulations by three different NC coatings: pluronic, chitosan and polyethylene glycol-polylactic acid (PEG) is reported. After a deep particle characterization, the uptake was assessed by flow-cytometry and confocal microscopy, focusing then on apoptosis, necrosis and proliferation impact in T cells and monocytes. Cell functionality by cell diameter variations, different activation marker analysis and cytokine assays were performed. We demonstrated that the NCs impact on the immune cell response is strongly correlated to their coating. Pluronic-NCs were able to induce immunomodulation of innate immunity inducing monocyte activations. Immunomodulation was observed in monocytes and T lymphocytes treated with Chitosan-NCs. Conversely, PEG-NCs were completely inert. These findings are of particular value towards a pre-selection of specific NC coatings depending on biomedical purposes for pre-clinical investigations; i.e. the immune-specific action of particular NC coating can be excellent for immunotherapy applications.enQuitosanoCitocinasCitometría de flujoHumanosInmunidad innataInmunomodulaciónInmunoterapiaÁcido lácticoLeucocitos mononuclearesLípidosMicroscopía confocalMonocitosNanocápsulasPoloxámeroPolietilenglicolesPolímerosLinfocitos tMedical Subject Headings::Phenomena and Processes::Cell Physiological Phenomena::Cell Physiological Processes::Cell Death::ApoptosisMedical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Macromolecular Substances::Polymers::Biopolymers::Chitin::ChitosanMedical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins::Peptides::Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins::CytokinesMedical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Diagnosis::Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures::Clinical Laboratory Techniques::Cytological Techniques::Cell Separation::Flow CytometryMedical Subject Headings::Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::HumansMedical Subject Headings::Phenomena and Processes::Immune System Phenomena::Immunity::Immunity, InnateMedical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Therapeutics::Biological Therapy::ImmunomodulationMedical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Therapeutics::Biological Therapy::Immunomodulation::ImmunotherapyMedical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Organic Chemicals::Carboxylic Acids::Hydroxy Acids::Lactates::Lactic AcidMedical Subject Headings::Anatomy::Cells::Blood Cells::Leukocytes::Leukocytes, MononuclearMedical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::LipidsMedical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Diagnosis::Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures::Diagnostic Imaging::Microscopy::Microscopy, ConfocalMedical Subject Headings::Anatomy::Cells::Blood Cells::Leukocytes::Leukocytes, Mononuclear::MonocytesMedical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Pharmaceutical Preparations::Dosage Forms::Drug Carriers::NanocapsulesMedical Subject Headings::Phenomena and Processes::Cell Physiological Phenomena::Cell Physiological Processes::Cell Death::NecrosisMedical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Organic Chemicals::Alcohols::Glycols::Ethylene Glycols::Polyethylene Glycols::PoloxamerMedical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Organic Chemicals::Alcohols::Glycols::Ethylene Glycols::Polyethylene GlycolsMedical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Macromolecular Substances::PolymersMedical Subject Headings::Anatomy::Cells::Blood Cells::Leukocytes::Leukocytes, Mononuclear::Lymphocytes::T-Lymphocytesresearch article26728491open access10.1038/srep184232045-2322PMC4700454