Aheget, HoussamTristán-Manzano, MaríaMazini, LoubnaCortijo-Gutierrez, MarinaGalindo-Moreno, PabloHerrera, ConchaMartin, FranciscoMarchal, Juan AntonioBenabdellah, Karim2022-04-202022-04-202020-07-26Aheget H, Tristán-Manzano M, Mazini L, Cortijo-Gutierrez M, Galindo-Moreno P, Herrera C, et al. Exosome: A New Player in Translational Nanomedicine. J Clin Med. 2020 Jul 26;9(8):2380http://hdl.handle.net/10668/3544Exosomes are extracellular vesicles released by the vast majority of cell types both in vivo and ex vivo, upon the fusion of multivesicular bodies (MVBs) with the cellular plasma membrane. Two main functions have been attributed to exosomes: their capacity to transport proteins, lipids and nucleic acids between cells and organs, as well as their potential to act as natural intercellular communicators in normal biological processes and in pathologies. From a clinical perspective, the majority of applications use exosomes as biomarkers of disease. A new approach uses exosomes as biologically active carriers to provide a platform for the enhanced delivery of cargo in vivo. One of the major limitations in developing exosome-based therapies is the difficulty of producing sufficient amounts of safe and efficient exosomes. The identification of potential proteins involved in exosome biogenesis is expected to directly cause a deliberate increase in exosome production. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge regarding exosomes, with particular emphasis on their structural features, biosynthesis pathways, production techniques and potential clinical applications.enAtribución 4.0 Internacionalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ImmunotherapyExosomesCARsGene editingCancerLiquid biopsiesInmunoterapiaExosomasReceptores quiméricos de antígenosEdición génicaNeoplasiasBiopsia líquidaMedical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Therapeutics::Biological Therapy::Immunomodulation::ImmunotherapyMedical Subject Headings::Anatomy::Cells::Cellular Structures::Intracellular Space::Cytoplasm::Cytoplasmic Structures::Organelles::Cytoplasmic Vesicles::Transport Vesicles::ExosomesMedical Subject Headings::Diseases::NeoplasmsMedical Subject Headings::Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::HumansMedical Subject Headings::Anatomy::Cells::Cellular Structures::Intracellular Space::Cytoplasm::Cytoplasmic Structures::Organelles::Cytoplasmic Vesicles::Transport Vesicles::Endosomes::Multivesicular BodiesMedical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Biological Factors::Biological Markers::Biomarkers, PharmacologicalMedical Subject Headings::Anatomy::Cells::Cellular Structures::Cell MembraneMedical Subject Headings::Phenomena and Processes::Biological PhenomenaMedical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Nucleic Acids, Nucleotides, and Nucleosides::Nucleic AcidsMedical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Lipidsreview article32722531open access10.3390/jcm90823802077-0383PMC7463834