Hidalgo-Tenorio, CarmenRivero-Rodriguez, MarGil-Anguita, ConcepciónLopez De Hierro, MercedesPalma, PabloRamírez-Taboada, JessicaEsquivias, JavierLópez-Ruz, Miguel AngelJavier-Martínez, RosarioPasquau-Liaño, Juan2014-06-122014-06-122014-03-27Hidalgo-Tenorio C, Rivero-Rodriguez M, Gil-Anguita C, Lopez De Hierro M, Palma P, Ramírez-Taboada J, et al. Antiretroviral therapy as a factor protective against anal dysplasia in HIV-infected males who have sex with males. PLoS ONE. 2014 ; 9(3):e92376http://hdl.handle.net/10668/1635Journal Article;OBJECTIVES Chronic infection with oncogenic HPV genotype is associated with the development of anal dysplasia. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been shown to decrease the incidence of cervical carcinoma in women with HIV. We sought to: 1) describe the prevalence and grade of anal dysplasia and HPV infection in our study subjects; 2) analyze the grade of correlation between anal cytology, PCR of high-risk HPV, and histology; 3) identify the factors associated with the appearance of ≥ AIN2 lesions. DESIGN Cross-sectional, prospective study. METHODS A cohort of HIV-positive males (n = 140, mean age  = 37 years) who have sex with males (MSM) had epidemiological, clinical and analytical data collected. Anal mucosa samples were taken for cytology, HPV PCR genotyping, and anoscopy for histological analysis. RESULTS Within the cohort, 77.1% were being treated with ART, 8.5% anoscopy findings were AIN2, and 11.4% carcinoma in situ; 74.2% had high-risk (HR), 59.7% low-risk (LR) HPV genotypes and 46.8% had both. The combination of cytology with PCR identifying HR-HPV better predicts the histology findings than either of these factors alone. Logistic regression highlighted ART as a protective factor against ≥ AIN2 lesions (OR: 0.214; 95%CI: 0.054-0.84). Anal/genital condylomas (OR: 4.26; 95%CI: 1.27-14.3), and HPV68 genotype (OR: 10.6; 95%CI: 1.23-91.47) were identified as risk factors. CONCLUSIONS In our cohort, ART has a protective effect against dysplastic anal lesions. Anal/genital warts and HPV68 genotype are predictors of ≥ AIN2 lesions. Introducing PCR HPV genotype evaluation improves screening success over that of cytology alone.enSeropositividad para VIHMasculinoInfecciones por PapillomavirusCanal AnalHomosexualidad MasculinaEstudios TransversalesTerapia Antirretroviral Altamente ActivaNeoplasias del AnoMedical Subject Headings::Diseases::Immune System Diseases::Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes::HIV Infections::HIV SeropositivityMedical Subject Headings::Check Tags::MaleMedical Subject Headings::Diseases::Virus Diseases::DNA Virus Infections::Papillomavirus InfectionsMedical Subject Headings::Anatomy::Digestive System::Gastrointestinal Tract::Intestines::Intestine, Large::Anal CanalMedical Subject Headings::Diseases::Neoplasms::Neoplasms by Site::Urogenital Neoplasms::Genital Neoplasms, Female::Uterine Neoplasms::Uterine Cervical NeoplasmsMedical Subject Headings::Phenomena and Processes::Reproductive and Urinary Physiological Phenomena::Reproductive Physiological Phenomena::Sexuality::Homosexuality::Homosexuality, MaleMedical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Epidemiologic Study Characteristics as Topic::Epidemiologic Studies::Cross-Sectional StudiesMedical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Therapeutics::Drug Therapy::Drug Therapy, Combination::Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly ActiveMedical Subject Headings::Diseases::Digestive System Diseases::Digestive System Neoplasms::Gastrointestinal Neoplasms::Intestinal Neoplasms::Colorectal Neoplasms::Rectal Neoplasms::Anus Neoplasmsresearch article24676139open access10.1371/journal.pone.00923761932-6203PMC3967991