Martin-Borreguero, PilarGómez-Fernández, Antonio RafaelDe La Torre-Aguilar, Maria JoseGil-Campos, MercedesFlores-Rojas, KatherinePerez-Navero, Juan Luis2022-10-052022-10-052021-03-26Martin-Borreguero P, Gómez-Fernández AR, De La Torre-Aguilar MJ, Gil-Campos M, Flores-Rojas K, Perez-Navero JL. Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Neurodevelopmental Regression Present a Severe Pattern After a Follow-Up at 24 Months. Front Psychiatry. 2021 Mar 26;12:644324.http://hdl.handle.net/10668/4233This study examined the presence of neurodevelopmental regression and its effects on the clinical manifestations and the severity of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in a group of children with autism compared with those without neurodevelopmental regression at the time of initial classification and subsequently. Methods and Subjects: ASD patients were classified into two subgroups, neurodevelopmental regressive (AMR) and non-regressive (ANMR), using a questionnaire based on the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised test. The severity of ASD and neurodevelopment were assessed with the Childhood Autism Rating Scale Test-2, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, and Pervasive Developmental Disorders Behavior Inventory Parent Ratings (PDDBI) and with the Battelle Developmental Inventory tests at the beginning of the study and after 24 months of follow-up. Fifty-two patients aged 2-6 years with ASD were included. Nineteen were classified with AMR, and 33 were classified with ANMR. Results: The AMR subgroup presented greater severity of autistic symptoms and higher autism scores. Additionally, they showed lower overall neurodevelopment. The AMR subgroup at 24 months had poorer scores on the Battelle Developmental Inventory test in the following areas: Total personal/social (p < 0.03), Total Motor (p < 0.04), Expressive (p < 0.01), and Battelle Total (p < 0.04). On the PDDBI test, the AMR subgroup had scores indicating significantly more severe ASD symptoms in the variables: ritual score (p < 0.038), social approach behaviors (p < 0.048), expressive language (p < 0.002), and autism score (p < 0.003). Conclusions: ASD patients exhibited a set of different neurological phenotypes. The AMR and ANMR subgroups presented different clinical manifestations and prognoses in terms of the severity of autistic symptoms and neurodevelopment.enAtribución 4.0 Internacionalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/AutismChildrenNeurodevelopmental regressionDiagnostic measurementsAutism severityAutism spectrum disorderDevelopmental disordersTrastorno autísticoNiñoTrastorno del espectro autistaMedical Subject Headings::Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::HumansMedical Subject Headings::Persons::Persons::Age Groups::ChildMedical Subject Headings::Psychiatry and Psychology::Mental Disorders::Mental Disorders Diagnosed in Childhood::Child Development Disorders, Pervasive::Autistic DisorderMedical Subject Headings::Psychiatry and Psychology::Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms::Behavior::Communication::LanguageMedical Subject Headings::Psychiatry and Psychology::Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms::Behavior::Social Behavior::Ceremonial BehaviorMedical Subject Headings::Psychiatry and Psychology::Mental Disorders::Mental Disorders Diagnosed in Childhood::Developmental DisabilitiesMedical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Epidemiologic Study Characteristics as Topic::Epidemiologic Studies::Cohort Studies::Longitudinal Studies::Follow-Up StudiesMedical Subject Headings::Phenomena and Processes::Genetic Phenomena::PhenotypeMedical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Diagnosis::PrognosisMedical Subject Headings::Psychiatry and Psychology::Psychological Phenomena and Processes::Mental Processes::Thinking::Decision Making::Choice BehaviorMedical Subject Headings::Persons::Persons::ParentsMedical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Data Collection::Health Surveys::Health Status Indicators::Patient Acuity::Severity of Illness Indexresearch article33841211open access10.3389/fpsyt.2021.6443241664-0640PMC8032949