Jose-Cascon, Miriam Sande la Varga-Martinez, RaquelCampos-Caro, AntonioRodriguez, Carmen2023-05-032023-05-032022-09-19José-Cascón MS, de la Varga-Martínez R, Campos-Caro A, Rodríguez C. Dynamics of B-Cell Responses after SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Spain. Vaccines (Basel). 2022 Sep 26;10(10):16152076-393Xhttp://hdl.handle.net/10668/21611The high mortality rate due to COVID-19 has necessitated the mass vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 to induce protective humoral and cellular immunity. (1) Objective: To study the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2-specific B cells after two doses of the Pfizer-BioNTech SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. (2) Methods: Immunophenotyping and cellular cultures were used to determine the kinetics of B-cell subpopulations and vaccine responses in volunteers before and seven days, three months and seven months after the second dose in Spain (n = 19). (3) Results: Seven days after immunisation, memory B cells and plasmablasts expressing receptors for factors implicated in the maturation of plasma cells were augmented in blood. Three months after vaccination, SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific plasmablasts disappeared from circulation while spike-specific memory-B cells circulated, with heterogeneous dynamics among individuals. (4) Conclusion: After vaccination, specific plasmablasts equipped with receptors for maturation factors were quickly generated and disappeared rapidly from the blood, while specific memory B cells circulated for at least seven months.enAttribution 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/B cellCOVID-19SARS-CoV-2Plasma cellPlasmablastVaccine immunogenicityCOVID-19 vaccinesSARS-CoV-2ImmunophenotypingMass vaccinationMemory B cellsPlasma cellsSpainCOVID-19Immunity, cellularResearch article36298479open accessCélulas B de memoriaCélulas plasmáticasEspañaInmunidad celularInmunofenotipificaciónVacunación masivaVacunas contra la COVID-1910.3390/vaccines10101615PMC9608951https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/10/10/1615/pdf?version=1665713899https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9608951/pdf