Chocarro-Wrona, Carlosde Vicente, JuanAntich, CristinaJiménez, GemaMartínez-Moreno, DanielCarrillo, EsmeraldaMontañez, ElviraGálvez-Martín, PatriciaPerán, MacarenaLópez-Ruiz, ElenaMarchal, Juan Antonio2022-09-212022-09-212020-10-20Chocarro-Wrona C, de Vicente J, Antich C, Jiménez G, Martínez-Moreno D, Carrillo E, et al. Validation of the 1,4-butanediol thermoplastic polyurethane as a novel material for 3D bioprinting applications. Bioeng Transl Med. 2020 Nov 14;6(1):e10192.http://hdl.handle.net/10668/4096Tissue engineering (TE) seeks to fabricate implants that mimic the mechanical strength, structure, and composition of native tissues. Cartilage TE requires the development of functional personalized implants with cartilage-like mechanical properties capable of sustaining high load-bearing environments to integrate into the surrounding tissue of the cartilage defect. In this study, we evaluated the novel 1,4-butanediol thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer (b-TPUe) derivative filament as a 3D bioprinting material with application in cartilage TE. The mechanical behavior of b-TPUe in terms of friction and elasticity were examined and compared with human articular cartilage, PCL, and PLA. Moreover, infrapatellar fat pad-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were bioprinted together with scaffolds. in vitro cytotoxicity, proliferative potential, cell viability, and chondrogenic differentiation were analyzed by Alamar blue assay, SEM, confocal microscopy, and RT-qPCR. Moreover, in vivo biocompatibility and host integration were analyzed. b-TPUe demonstrated a much closer compression and shear behavior to native cartilage than PCL and PLA, as well as closer tribological properties to cartilage. Moreover, b-TPUe bioprinted scaffolds were able to maintain proper proliferative potential, cell viability, and supported MSCs chondrogenesis. Finally, in vivo studies revealed no toxic effects 21 days after scaffolds implantation, extracellular matrix deposition and integration within the surrounding tissue. This is the first study that validates the biocompatibility of b-TPUe for 3D bioprinting. Our findings indicate that this biomaterial can be exploited for the automated biofabrication of artificial tissues with tailorable mechanical properties including the great potential for cartilage TE applications.enAtribución 4.0 Internacionalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/1,4-butanediol thermoplastic polyurethane3D bioprintingMSCsElastomerTissue engineeringChondrogenesisPoliuretanosBioimpresiónElastómerosIngeniería de tejidosCondrogénesisCélulas madre mesenquimatosasMedical Subject Headings::Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::HumansMedical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Culture Techniques::Cell Engineering::Tissue EngineeringMedical Subject Headings::Phenomena and Processes::Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena::Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena::Musculoskeletal Physiological Processes::Musculoskeletal Development::ChondrogenesisMedical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::BioprintingMedical Subject Headings::Technology and Food and Beverages::Technology, Industry, and Agriculture::Manufactured Materials::Elastomers::PolyurethanesMedical Subject Headings::Anatomy::Musculoskeletal System::Cartilage::Hyaline Cartilage::Cartilage, ArticularMedical Subject Headings::Phenomena and Processes::Cell Physiological Phenomena::Cell Physiological Processes::Cell SurvivalMedical Subject Headings::Phenomena and Processes::Physical Phenomena::Mechanical Phenomena::FrictionMedical Subject Headings::Phenomena and Processes::Physical Phenomena::Mechanical Phenomena::Mechanical Processes::Weight-BearingMedical Subject Headings::Technology and Food and Beverages::Technology, Industry, and Agriculture::Manufactured Materials::Biomedical and Dental Materials::Biocompatible MaterialsMedical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Macromolecular Substances::Polymers::PolyestersMedical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins::Proteins::Scleroproteins::Extracellular Matrix ProteinsMedical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Diagnosis::Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures::Diagnostic Imaging::Microscopy::Microscopy, ConfocalMedical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Organic Chemicals::Alcohols::Glycols::Butylene GlycolsMedical Subject Headings::Phenomena and Processes::Physical Phenomena::Mechanical Phenomena::Elasticityresearch article33532591open access10.1002/btm2.101922380-6761PMC7823129