Lopez-Delgado, Juan CarlosGrau-Carmona, TeodoroTrujillano-Cabello, JavierGarcia-Fuentes, CarlosMor-Marco, EstherBordeje-Laguna, Maria LuisaPortugal-Rodriguez, EstherLorencio-Cardenas, CarolVera-Artazcoz, PaulaMacaya-Redin, LauraMartinez-Carmona, Juan FranciscoMateu-Campos, LidonGero-Escapa, MariaGastaldo-Simeon, RosaVila-Garcia, BelenFlordelis-Lasierra, Jose LuisMontejo-Gonzalez, Juan CarlosServia-Goixart, Lluis2023-05-032023-05-032022-05-01Lopez-Delgado JC, Grau-Carmona T, Trujillano-Cabello J, García-Fuentes C, Mor-Marco E, Bordeje-Laguna ML, et al. The Effect of Enteral Immunonutrition in the Intensive Care Unit: Does It Impact on Outcomes? Nutrients. 2022 May 1;14(9):1904http://hdl.handle.net/10668/21475Background: The present research aimed to evaluate the effect on outcomes of immunonutrition (IMN) enteral formulas during the intensive care unit (ICU) stay. Methods: A multicenter prospective observational study was performed. Patient characteristics, disease severity, nutritional status, type of nutritional therapy and outcomes, and laboratory parameters were collected in a database. Statistical differences were analyzed according to the administration of IMN or other types of enteral formulas. Results: In total, 406 patients were included in the analysis, of whom 15.02% (61) received IMN. Univariate analysis showed that patients treated with IMN formulas received higher mean caloric and protein intake, and better 28-day survival (85.2% vs. 73.3%; p = 0.014. Unadjusted Hazard Ratio (HR): 0.15; 95% CI (Confidence Interval): 0.06−0.36; p< 0.001). Once adjusted for confounding factors, multivariate analysis showed a lower need for vasopressor support (OR: 0.49; 95% CI: 0.26–0.91; p = 0.023) and continuous renal replacement therapies (OR: 0.13; 95% CI: 0.01–0.65; p = 0.049) in those patients who received IMN formulas, independently of the severity of the disease. IMN use was also associated with higher protein intake during the administration of nutritional therapy (OR: 6.23; 95% CI: 2.59–15.54; p < 0.001), regardless of the type of patient. No differences were found in the laboratory parameters, except for a trend toward lower triglyceride levels (HR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.95–0.99; p = 0.045). Conclusion: The use of IMN formulas may be associated with better outcomes (i.e., lower need for vasopressors and continuous renal replacement), together with a trend toward higher protein enteral delivery during the ICU stay. These findings may ultimately be related to their modulating effect on the inflammatory response in the critically ill.enAttribution 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Enteral nutritionImmunonutritionInflammatory responseIntensive care unitOutcomesProtein deliveryCritical IllnessEnteral NutritionFood, FormulatedHumansIntensive Care UnitsNutritional Supportresearch article35565870open accessProteínasLaboratoriosEstándares de referenciaOrganización y administraciónGravedad del pacienteUnidades de cuidados intensivos10.3390/nu140919042072-6643PMC9103218https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/9/1904/pdf?version=1651915237https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9103218/pdf