Alonso-García, MiriamSánchez-Gastaldo, AmparoMuñoz-Fuentes, Miguel AMolina-Pinelo, SoniaBoyero, LauraBenedetti, Johana CristinaBernabé-Caro, Reyes2023-05-032023-05-032022-04-251424-8247http://hdl.handle.net/10668/21533Nivolumab (anti-PD-1 antibody) and atezolizumab (anti-PD-L1 antibody) have shown superior survival outcomes and improved adverse effects compared to standard chemotherapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. However, the efficacy of both treatments has not been directly compared in clinical trials. This retrospective, single-centre study was performed from June 2015 to December 2020 and included a cohort of 158 previously treated patients with stage IV or recurrent NSCLC who received PD-1 (nivolumab) (n = 89) or PD-L1 (atezolizumab) (n = 69) inhibitors at the Virgen del Rocío Hospital in Seville. The objective response rate (ORR) was 22.5% in the nivolumab group and 14.5% in the atezolizumab group (p = 0.140). Multivariate analysis did not show significant differences between the two groups for PFS and OS (PFS hazard ratio (HR): 0.80, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.55−1.17, p = 0.260; OS HR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.52−1.21, p = 0.281). Adverse events of all grades occurred in 68 patients in the nivolumab group (76.4%) and in 34 patients in the atezolizumab group (49.3%) (penAttribution 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/atezolizumabimmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs)immunotherapynivolumabnon-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)real-world dataresearch article35631359open access10.3390/ph15050533PMC9147485https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/15/5/533/pdf?version=1650955762https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9147485/pdf