Aliño-Dies, MaríaSánchez-Ortí, Joan VicentCorrea-Ghisays, PatriciaBalanzá-Martínez, VicentVila-Francés, JoanSelva-Vera, GabrielCorrea-Estrada, PaulinaForés-Martos, JaumeSan-Martín Valenzuela, ConstanzaMonfort-Pañego, ManuelAyesa-Arriola, RosaRuiz-Veguilla, MiguelCrespo-Facorro, BenedictoTabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael2022-09-062022-09-062020-11-25Aliño-Dies M, Sánchez-Ortí JV, Correa-Ghisays P, Balanzá-Martínez V, Vila-Francés J, Selva-Vera G, et al. Grip Strength, Neurocognition, and Social Functioning in People WithType-2 Diabetes Mellitus, Major Depressive Disorder, Bipolar Disorder, and Schizophrenia. Front Psychol. 2020 Nov 25;11:525231http://hdl.handle.net/10668/4004Background: Frailty is a common syndrome among older adults and patients with several comorbidities. Grip strength (GS) is a representative parameter of frailty because it is a valid indicator of current and long-term physical conditions in the general population and patients with severe mental illnesses (SMIs). Physical and cognitive capacities of people with SMIs are usually impaired; however, their relationship with frailty or social functioning have not been studied to date. The current study aimed to determine if GS is a valid predictor of changes in cognitive performance and social functioning in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus and SMIs. Methods: Assessments of social functioning, cognitive performance, and GS (measured with an electronic dynamometer) were conducted in 30 outpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, 35 with major depressive disorder, 42 with bipolar disorder, 30 with schizophrenia, and 28 healthy controls, twice during 1-year, follow-up period. Descriptive analyses were conducted using a one-way analysis of variance for continuous variables and the chi-squared test for categorical variables. Differences between groups for the motor, cognitive, and social variables at T1 and T2 were assessed using a one-way analysis of covariance, with sex and age as co-variates (p < 0.01). To test the predictive capacity of GS at baseline to explain the variance in cognitive performance and social functioning at T2, a linear regression analysis was performed (p < 0.05). Results: Predictive relationships were found among GS when implicated with clinical, cognitive, and social variables. These relationships explained changes in cognitive performance Frontiers in Psychology | www.frontiersin.org 1 November 2020 | Volume 11 | Article 525231 Aliño-Dies et al. Frailty in SMIs and T2DM after one year of follow-up; the variability percentage was 67.7%, in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus and 89.1% in patients with schizophrenia. Baseline GS along with other variables, also predicted changes in social functioning in major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia, with variability percentages of 67.3, 36, and 59%, respectively. Conclusion: GS combined with other variables significantly predicted changes in cognitive performance and social functioning in people with SMIs or type-2 diabetes mellitus. Interventions aimed to improve the overall physical conditions of patients who have poor GS could be a therapeutic option that confers positive effects on cognitive performance and social functioning.enAtribución 4.0 Internacionalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/FrailtyGrip strengthCognitive performanceSocial functioningSevere mental illnessType-2 diabetes mellitusFragilidadFuerza de la manoInteracción socialTrastornos mentalesDiabetes mellitus tipo 2Medical Subject Headings::Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::HumansMedical Subject Headings::Persons::Persons::Age Groups::Adult::AgedMedical Subject Headings::Psychiatry and Psychology::Mental Disorders::Mood Disorders::Affective Disorders, Psychotic::Bipolar DisorderMedical Subject Headings::Psychiatry and Psychology::Mental Disorders::Schizophrenia and Disorders with Psychotic Features::SchizophreniaMedical Subject Headings::Psychiatry and Psychology::Mental Disorders::Mood Disorders::Depressive Disorder::Depressive Disorder, MajorMedical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Epidemiologic Study Characteristics as Topic::Epidemiologic Studies::Cohort Studies::Longitudinal Studies::Follow-Up StudiesMedical Subject Headings::Diseases::Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases::Metabolic Diseases::Glucose Metabolism Disorders::Diabetes Mellitus::Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Medical Subject Headings::Persons::Persons::Patients::OutpatientsMedical Subject Headings::Psychiatry and Psychology::Psychological Phenomena and Processes::Mental Processes::CognitionMedical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Statistics as Topic::Regression AnalysisMedical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Statistics as Topic::Analysis of VarianceMedical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Diagnosis::Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures::Physical Examination::Muscle Strength::Hand StrengthMedical Subject Headings::Disciplines and Occupations::Natural Science Disciplines::Physics::Electronicsresearch article33324271open access10.3389/fpsyg.2020.5252311664-1078PMC7723830