Lopez-Medrano, FSilva, J TFernandez-Ruiz, MCarver, P Lvan-Delden, CMerino, EPerez-Saez, M JMontero, MCoussement, Jde-Abreu-Mazzolin, MCervera, CSantos, LSabe, NScemla, ACordero, ECruzado-Vega, LMartin-Moreno, P LLen, ORudas, Ede Leon, A PonceArriola, MLauzurica, RDavid, MGonzalez-Rico, CHenriquez-Palop, FFortun, JNucci, MManuel, OPaño-Pardo, J RMontejo, MMuñoz, PSanchez-Sobrino, BMazuecos, APascual, JHorcajada, J PLecompte, TLumbreras, CMoreno, ACarratala, JBlanes, MHernandez, DHernandez-Mendez, E AFariñas, M CPerello-Carrascosa, MMorales, J MAndres, AAguado, J M2023-01-252023-01-252016-01-13López-Medrano F, Silva JT, Fernández-Ruiz M, Carver PL, van Delden C, Merino E, et al. Risk Factors Associated With Early Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis in Kidney Transplant Recipients: Results From a Multinational Matched Case-Control Study. Am J Transplant. 2016 Jul;16(7):2148-57http://hdl.handle.net/10668/9777Risk factors for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) after kidney transplantation have been poorly explored. We performed a multinational case-control study that included 51 kidney transplant (KT) recipients diagnosed with early (first 180 posttransplant days) IPA at 19 institutions between 2000 and 2013. Control recipients were matched (1:1 ratio) by center and date of transplantation. Overall mortality among cases was 60.8%, and 25.0% of living recipients experienced graft loss. Pretransplant diagnosis of chronic pulmonary obstructive disease (COPD; odds ratio [OR]: 9.96; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.09-90.58; p = 0.041) and delayed graft function (OR: 3.40; 95% CI: 1.08-10.73; p = 0.037) were identified as independent risk factors for IPA among those variables already available in the immediate peritransplant period. The development of bloodstream infection (OR: 18.76; 95% CI: 1.04-339.37; p = 0.047) and acute graft rejection (OR: 40.73, 95% CI: 3.63-456.98; p = 0.003) within the 3 mo prior to the diagnosis of IPA acted as risk factors during the subsequent period. In conclusion, pretransplant COPD, impaired graft function and the occurrence of serious posttransplant infections may be useful to identify KT recipients at the highest risk of early IPA. Future studies should explore the potential benefit of antimold prophylaxis in this group.enClinical research/practiceEpidemiologyFungalInfection and infectious agentsInfectious diseaseKidney transplantation/nephrologyCase-Control StudiesDelayed Graft FunctionFemaleFollow-Up StudiesGlomerular Filtration RateGraft RejectionGraft SurvivalHumansInvasive Pulmonary AspergillosisKidney Failure, ChronicKidney Function TestsKidney TransplantationMaleMiddle AgedPrognosisRisk FactorsTransplant Recipientsresearch article26813515Restricted AccessFactores de riesgoTrasplantesEnfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónicaTrasplanteIntervalos de confianzaFuncionamiento retardado del injerto10.1111/ajt.137351600-6143https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/ajt.13735