Montserrat-de la Paz, SergioRodriguez-Martin, Noelia M.Villanueva, AlvaroPedroche, JustoCruz-Chamorro, IvanMillan, FranciscoMillan-Linares, Maria C.2022-09-202022-09-202020-06-30Montserrat-de la Paz S, Rodriguez-Martin NM, Villanueva A, Pedroche J, Cruz-Chamorro I, Millan F, et al. Evaluation of Anti-Inflammatory and Atheroprotective Properties of Wheat Gluten Protein Hydrolysates in Primary Human Monocytes. Foods. 2020 Jun 30;9(7):854http://hdl.handle.net/10668/4076Bioactive protein hydrolysates have been identified in several sources as possible agents in the prevention and treatment of many diseases. A wheat gluten (WG) concentrate was hydrolyzed by Alcalase under specific conditions. The resulting hydrolysates were evaluated by in vitro cell-free experiments leading to the identification of one bioactive WG protein hydrolysate (WGPH), which was used at 50 and 100 μg/mL on primary human monocytes. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitrite levels and RT-qPCR and ELISA techniques were used to analyze the functional activity of WGPH. Our results showed that WGPH hydrolyzed in 45 min (WGPH45A) down-regulated gene expression of Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-17, and Interferon gamma (IFNγ) and reduced cytokine release in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated monocytes. In addition, WGPH45A down-regulated gene-related to atherosclerotic onset. Our results suggest that WGPH45A has a potent anti-inflammatory and atheroprotective properties, reducing the expression of gene-related inflammation and atherosclerosis that could be instrumental in maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis.enAtribución 4.0 Internacionalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Wheat glutenProtein hydrolysatesAtherosclerosisMonocytesCeliac diseaseHidrolisados de proteínaAterosclerosisMonocitosEnfermedad celíacaMedical Subject Headings::Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::HumansMedical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins::Peptides::Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins::Interferons::Interferon-gammaMedical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Carbohydrates::Glycoconjugates::LipopolysaccharidesMedical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins::Proteins::Protein HydrolysatesMedical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Inorganic Chemicals::Oxygen Compounds::Reactive Oxygen SpeciesMedical Subject Headings::Anatomy::Hemic and Immune Systems::Immune System::Leukocytes::Leukocytes, Mononuclear::MonocytesMedical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins::Peptides::Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins::Cytokines::Interleukins::Interleukin-6Medical Subject Headings::Organisms::Eukaryota::Plants::Viridiplantae::Streptophyta::Embryophyta::Angiosperms::Poaceae::TriticumMedical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Biological Factors::Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins::Cytokines::Interleukins::Interleukin-17Medical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Inorganic Chemicals::Electrolytes::Ions::Anions::NitritesMedical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Enzymes and Coenzymes::Enzymes::Hydrolases::Peptide Hydrolases::Endopeptidases::Serine Endopeptidases::SubtilisinsMedical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins::Proteins::Plant Proteins::Seed Storage Proteins::Prolamins::GlutensMedical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Chemical Actions and Uses::Pharmacologic Actions::Physiological Effects of Drugs::Peripheral Nervous System Agents::Sensory System Agents::Analgesics::Analgesics, Non-Narcotic::Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-SteroidalMedical Subject Headings::Phenomena and Processes::Genetic Phenomena::Genetic Processes::Gene ExpressionMedical Subject Headings::Diseases::Cardiovascular Diseases::Vascular Diseases::Arterial Occlusive Diseases::Arteriosclerosis::AtherosclerosisMedical Subject Headings::Diseases::Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms::Pathologic Processes::InflammationMedical Subject Headings::Phenomena and Processes::Physiological Phenomena::Physiological Processes::HomeostasisMedical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Molecular Probe Techniques::Immunoassay::Immunoenzyme Techniques::Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assayresearch article32630013open access10.3390/foods90708542304-8158PMC7404777