de Miguel-Yanes, Jose MLopez-de-Andres, AnaJiménez-Garcia, RodrigoHernandez-Barrera, Valentinde Miguel-Diez, JavierCarabantes-Alarcon, DavidPerez-Farinos, NapoleonWärnberg, Julia2025-01-072025-01-072021-09-232077-0383https://hdl.handle.net/10668/24503(1) Background: the purpose of this study is to analyze the incidence and in-hospital mortality (IHM) of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) needing hospital admission and hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) in Spain (2016-2019). (2) Methods: using the Spanish Register of Specialized Care-Basic Minimum Database, we estimated the incidence of CAP and HAP. We matched each woman with a man with an identical age, according to comorbidities. (3) Results: we analyzed 518,838 cases of CAP and 38,705 cases of HAP, and 5192 ventilator-associated HAPs (13.4%). The incidence of CAP increased over time in both men (from 384.5 to 449.8 cases/105 population) and women (from 244.9 to 301.2 cases/105 population). Men showed a 47% higher adjusted incidence of CAP than women. The incidence of HAP increased over time in both men (from 302.3 to 342.2 cases/105 population) and women (from 139.2 to 167.6 cases/105 population). Men showed a 98% higher adjusted incidence of HAP than women. IHM was higher in men admitted for CAP than in women (12.9% vs. 12.2%; penAttribution 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/community-acquired pneumoniagenderhospital-acquired pneumoniain-hospital mortalitysex differencesventilator-associated pneumoniaresearch article34640357open access10.3390/jcm10194339PMC8509552https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/19/4339/pdf?version=1633797339https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8509552/pdf