Peña-Toledo, Maria AngelesLuque, EvelioRuz-Caracuel, IgnacioAgüera, EduardoJimena, IgnacioPeña-Amaro, JoseTunez, Isaac2022-12-142022-12-142021-08-10Peña-Toledo MA, Luque E, Ruz-Caracuel I, Agüera E, Jimena I, Peña-Amaro J, et al. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Improves Muscle Involvement in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Aug 10;22(16):85891661-6596http://hdl.handle.net/10668/4502Skeletal muscle is affected in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), which is a model of multiple sclerosis that produces changes including muscle atrophy; histological features of neurogenic involvement, and increased oxidative stress. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) on the involvement of rat skeletal muscle and to compare them with those produced by natalizumab (NTZ). EAE was induced by injecting myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) into Dark Agouti rats. Both treatments, NTZ and TMS, were implemented from day 15 to day 35. Clinical severity was studied, and after sacrifice, the soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscles were extracted for subsequent histological and biochemical analysis. The treatment with TMS and NTZ had a beneficial effect on muscle involvement in the EAE model. There was a clinical improvement in functional motor deficits, atrophy was attenuated, neurogenic muscle lesions were reduced, and the level of oxidative stress biomarkers was lower in both treatment groups. Compared to NTZ, the best response was obtained with TMS for all the parameters analyzed. The myoprotective effect of TMS was higher than that of NTZ. Thus, the use of TMS may be an effective strategy to reduce muscle involvement in multiple sclerosis.enAtribución 4.0 Internacionalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitisMultiple sclerosisSkeletal muscleTranscranial magnetic stimulationNatalizumabOxidative stressMuscular atrophyEncefalomielitis autoinmune experimentalEsclerosis múltipleMúsculo esqueléticoEstimulación magnética transcranealEstrés oxidativoAtrofia muscularMedical Subject Headings::Organisms::Eukaryota::AnimalsMedical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Diagnosis::Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures::Clinical Laboratory Techniques::Cytological Techniques::Cell CountMedical Subject Headings::Diseases::Immune System Diseases::Autoimmune Diseases::Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System::Nervous System Autoimmune Disease, Experimental::Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, ExperimentalMedical Subject Headings::Check Tags::MaleMedical Subject Headings::Anatomy::Tissues::Muscles::Muscle, Striated::Muscle, Skeletal::Muscle Fibers, SkeletalMedical Subject Headings::Anatomy::Musculoskeletal System::Muscles::Muscle, SkeletalMedical Subject Headings::Diseases::Nervous System Diseases::Neurologic Manifestations::Neuromuscular Manifestations::Muscular AtrophyMedical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins::Proteins::Glycoproteins::Membrane Glycoproteins::GPI-Linked Proteins::Oligodendrocyte-Myelin GlycoproteinMedical Subject Headings::Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Rodentia::Muridae::Murinae::RatsMedical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Diagnosis::Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures::Diagnostic Techniques, Neurological::Transcranial Magnetic StimulationMedical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins::Proteins::Glycoproteins::Membrane Glycoproteins::Myelin-Oligodendrocyte GlycoproteinMedical Subject Headings::Diseases::Immune System Diseases::Autoimmune Diseases::Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System::Demyelinating Autoimmune Diseases, CNS::Multiple SclerosisMedical Subject Headings::Phenomena and Processes::Metabolic Phenomena::Metabolism::Oxidative Stressresearch article34445295open access10.3390/ijms221685891422-0067PMC8395284