Lopez-Perez, DavidRedruello-Romero, AnaïsGarcia-Rubio, JesúsArana, CarlosGarcia-Escudero, Luis A.Tamayo, FranciscoPuentes-Pardo, Jose D.Moreno-SanJuan, SaraSalmeron, JavierBlanco, ArmandoGalvez, JulioLeon, JosefaCarazo, Ángel2022-04-052022-04-052021-05-21Lopez-Perez D, Redruello-Romero A, Garcia-Rubio J, Arana C, Garcia-Escudero LA, Tamayo F, et al. In Patients With Obesity, the Number of Adipose Tissue Mast Cells Is Significantly Lower in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes. Front Immunol. 2021 May 21;12:664576.http://hdl.handle.net/10668/3523Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a rising global health problem mainly caused by obesity and a sedentary lifestyle. In healthy individuals, white adipose tissue (WAT) has a relevant homeostatic role in glucose metabolism, energy storage, and endocrine signaling. Mast cells contribute to these functions promoting WAT angiogenesis and adipogenesis. In patients with T2D, inflammation dramatically impacts WAT functioning, which results in the recruitment of several leukocytes, including monocytes, that enhance this inflammation. Accordingly, the macrophages population rises as the WAT inflammation increases during the T2D status worsening. Since mast cell progenitors cannot arrive at WAT, the amount of WAT mast cells depends on how the new microenvironment affects progenitor and differentiated mast cells. Here, we employed a flow cytometry-based approach to analyze the number of mast cells from omental white adipose tissue (o-WAT) and subcutaneous white adipose tissue (s-WAT) in a cohort of 100 patients with obesity. Additionally, we measured the number of mast cell progenitors in a subcohort of 15 patients. The cohort was divided in three groups: non-T2D, pre-T2D, and T2D. Importantly, patients with T2D have a mild condition (HbA1c <7%). The number of mast cells and mast cell progenitors was lower in patients with T2D in both o-WAT and s-WAT in comparison to subjects from the pre-T2D and non-T2D groups. In the case of mast cells in o-WAT, there were statistically significant differences between non-T2D and T2D groups (p = 0.0031), together with pre-T2D and T2D groups (p=0.0097). However, in s-WAT, the differences are only between non-T2D and T2D groups (p=0.047). These differences have been obtained with patients with a mild T2D condition. Therefore, little changes in T2D status have a huge impact on the number of mast cells in WAT, especially in o-WAT. Due to the importance of mast cells in WAT physiology, their decrease can reduce the capacity of WAT, especially o-WAT, to store lipids and cause hypoxic cell deaths that will trigger inflammation.enAtribución 4.0 Internacionalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Mast cellT2DAdipose tissueObesityFlow cytometryAngiogenesisInflammationAdipogenesisMastocitosTejido adiposoObesidadCitometría de flujoInflamaciónMedical Subject Headings::Phenomena and Processes::Cell Physiological Phenomena::Cell Physiological Processes::Cell Differentiation::AdipogenesisMedical Subject Headings::Anatomy::Tissues::Connective Tissue::Adipose TissueMedical Subject Headings::Anatomy::Tissues::Connective Tissue::Adipose Tissue::Adipose Tissue, WhiteMedical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Biological Factors::Biological MarkersMedical Subject Headings::Diseases::Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases::Metabolic Diseases::Glucose Metabolism Disorders::Diabetes Mellitus::Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Medical Subject Headings::Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::HumansMedical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Diagnosis::Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures::Clinical Laboratory Techniques::Immunologic Tests::ImmunophenotypingMedical Subject Headings::Anatomy::Digestive System::Gastrointestinal Tract::Intestines::Intestinal MucosaMedical Subject Headings::Anatomy::Cells::Connective Tissue Cells::Mast CellsMedical Subject Headings::Phenomena and Processes::Circulatory and Respiratory Physiological Phenomena::Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena::Cardiovascular Physiological Processes::Neovascularization, PhysiologicMedical Subject Headings::Diseases::Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases::Nutrition Disorders::Overnutrition::Obesityresearch article34093556open access10.3389/fimmu.2021.6645761664-3224PMC8177010