Requena, SilviaCaballero, EstrellaLozano, Ana BelenRios-Villegas, Maria JoseBenito, RafaelRojo, SilviaCabezas, TeresaMacià, Maria DoloresNieto, Maria Del CarmenSoriano, Vicentede Mendoza, Carmen2023-01-252023-01-252019-07-12Requena S, Caballero E, Lozano AB, Ríos-Villegas MJ, Benito R, Rojo S, et al. Treatment outcome in dually HIV-1 and HIV-2 coinfected patients living in Spain. AIDS. 2019 Nov 15;33(14):2167-2172http://hdl.handle.net/10668/14358Whereas HIV-1 has spread globally, HIV-2 is mainly found in West Africa where dual HIV-1/HIV-2 coinfection is nowadays uncommon. Herein, we report the rate, main characteristics, and treatment outcomes of all dually infected patients living in Spain. We identified retrospectively all persons coinfected with HIV-1 recorded at the Spanish HIV-2 registry. Dual infection had been confirmed using PCR in plasma and/or cells, and/or using discriminatory serological tests. From a total of 373 individuals with HIV-2 recorded at the Spanish registry, 34 (9.1%) were coinfected with HIV-1. Compared with HIV-2 monoinfected persons, dually infected patients were more often male (67.6%), presented with lower median CD4 cell counts (204 cells/μl), and had developed more frequently AIDS events (26.5%). Although 61.7% came from West Africa, 6 (17.6%) were native Spaniards. HIV-1 non-B subtypes were recognized in 75% of coinfected patients, being the most prevalent CRF02_AG. At baseline, 45% of dually infected patients had undetectable plasma HIV-2 RNA. After a median follow-up of 32 (13-48) months on antiretroviral therapy, dually infected patients achieved undetectable viremia in 85% for HIV-1, in 80% for HIV-2; and in 70% for both viruses. Median CD4 cell counts reached up to 418 cells/μl. Roughly 9% of individuals with HIV-2 infection living in Spain are coinfected with HIV-1. Overall, 70% of dually infected patients achieved viral suppression for both viruses under antiretroviral therapy. Given the relatively large population of West Africans living in Spain and the continuous migration flow from HIV-2 endemic areas, HIV-1/HIV-2 coinfection should always be excluded at first diagnosis in all HIV-seroreactive persons.enAntiretroviralsHIV-1HIV-2AdultAnti-HIV AgentsCD4 Lymphocyte CountCoinfectionFemaleHIV InfectionsHIV-1HIV-2HumansMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesSpainTreatment OutcomeViral LoadViremiaresearch article31373918open accessFármacos anti-VIHInfecciones por VIHRecuento de linfocito CD4Resultado del tratamientoVIH-1VIH-2Viremia10.1097/QAD.00000000000023381473-5571https://journals.lww.com/aidsonline/Fulltext/2019/11150/Treatment_outcome_in_dually_HIV_1_and_HIV_2.6.aspx