León-González, Antonio J.Sáez-Martínez, PrudencioJiménez-Vacas, Juan M.Herrero-Aguayo, VicenteMontero-Hidalgo, Antonio J.Gómez-Gómez, EnriqueMadrona, AndrésCastaño, Justo P.Espartero, José L.Gahete, Manuel D.Luque, Raúl M.2022-11-022022-11-022021-08-25León-González AJ, Sáez-Martínez P, Jiménez-Vacas JM, Herrero-Aguayo V, Montero-Hidalgo AJ, Gómez-Gómez E, et al. Comparative Cytotoxic Activity of Hydroxytyrosol and Its Semisynthetic Lipophilic Derivatives in Prostate Cancer Cells. Antioxidants. 2021 Aug 25;10(9):1348http://hdl.handle.net/10668/4320A high adherence to a Mediterranean diet has been related to numerous beneficial effects in human health, including a lower incidence and mortality of prostate cancer (PCa). Olive oil is an important source of phenolic bioactive compounds, mainly hydroxytyrosol (HT), of this diet. Because of the growing interest of this compound and its derivatives as a cancer chemopreventive agent, we aimed to compare the in vitro effect of HT isolated from olive mill wastewaters and five semisynthetic alkyl ether, ester, and nitro-derivatives against prostate cancer (PCa) cell lines. The effect in cell proliferation was determined in RWPE-1, LNCaP, 22Rv1, and PC-3 cells by resazurin assay, the effect in cell migration by wound healing assay, and tumorsphere and colony formation were evaluated. The changes in key signaling pathways involved in carcinogenesis were assessed by using a phosphorylation pathway profiling array and by Western blotting. Antiproliferative effects of HT and two lipophilic derivatives [hydroxytyrosyl acetate (HT-Ac)/ethyl hydroxytyrosyl ether (HT-Et)] were significantly higher in cancerous PC-3 and 22Rv1 cells than in non-malignant RWPE-1 cells. HT/HT-Ac/HT-Et significantly reduced migration capacity in RWPE-1 and PC-3 and prostatosphere size and colony formation in 22Rv1, whereas only HT-Ac and HT-Et reduced these functional parameters in PC-3. The cytotoxic effect in 22Rv1 cells was correlated with modifications in the phosphorylation pattern of key proteins, including ERK1/2 and AKT. Consistently, HT-Ac and HT-Et decreased p-AKT levels in PC-3. In sum, our results suggest that HT and its lipophilic derivatives could be considered as potential therapeutic tools in PCa.enAtribución 4.0 Internacionalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/AnticancerExtra virgin olive oilHydroxytyrosolProstate cancerSemisynthetic derivativesAKTPhosphorylationMediterranean dietPC-3 cellsCell proliferationCarcinogenesisAceite de olivaNeoplasias de la próstataFosforilaciónDieta mediterráneaCélulas PC-3Proliferación celularCarcinogénesisMedical Subject Headings::Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::HumansMedical Subject Headings::Check Tags::MaleMedical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Enzymes and Coenzymes::Enzymes::Transferases::Phosphotransferases::Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor)::Protein Kinases::Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases::Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-aktMedical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Complex Mixtures::Waste Products::Waste WaterMedical Subject Headings::Phenomena and Processes::Metabolic Phenomena::Metabolism::PhosphorylationMedical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Therapeutics::Nutrition Therapy::Diet Therapy::Diet, MediterraneanMedical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Data Collection::Vital Statistics::Morbidity::IncidenceMedical Subject Headings::Phenomena and Processes::Chemical Phenomena::Biochemical Phenomena::Biochemical Processes::Signal TransductionMedical Subject Headings::Phenomena and Processes::Cell Physiological Phenomena::Cell Physiological Processes::Cell Growth Processes::Cell ProliferationMedical Subject Headings::Phenomena and Processes::Cell Physiological Phenomena::Cell Physiological Processes::Cell MovementMedical Subject Headings::Diseases::Male Urogenital Diseases::Urogenital Neoplasms::Genital Neoplasms, Male::Prostatic NeoplasmsMedical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Organic Chemicals::EthersMedical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Chemistry Techniques, Analytical::Electrophoresis::Blotting, WesternMedical Subject Headings::Diseases::Neoplasms::Neoplastic Processes::CarcinogenesisMedical Subject Headings::Phenomena and Processes::Biological Phenomena::Biological Processes::Regeneration::Wound HealingComparative Cytotoxic Activity of Hydroxytyrosol and Its Semisynthetic Lipophilic Derivatives in Prostate Cancer Cellsresearch article34572980open access10.3390/antiox100913482076-3921PMC8464900