Leon-Triana, OdelaisySabir, SoukainaCalvo, Gabriel F.Belmonte-Beitia, JuanChulian, SalvadorMartinez-Rubio, AlvaroRosa, MariaPerez-Martinez, AntonioRamirez-Orellana, ManuelPerez-Garcia, Victor M.2023-02-122023-02-122021-03-01León-Triana O, Sabir S, Calvo GF, Belmonte-Beitia J, Chulián S, Martínez-Rubio Á, et al. CAR T cell therapy in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: Insights from mathematical models. Communications In Nonlinear Science And Numerical Simulation/Communications In Nonlinear Science & Numerical Simulation [Internet]. 1 de marzo de 2021;94:1055701007-5704http://hdl.handle.net/10668/18754Immunotherapies use components of the patient immune system to selectively target cancer cells. The use of chimeric antigenic receptor (CAR) T cells to treat B-cell malignancies-leukaemias and lymphomas- is one of the most successful examples, with many patients experiencing long-lasting full responses to this therapy. This treatment works by extracting the patient's T cells and transducing them with the CAR, enabling them to recognize and target cells carrying the antigen CD19(+), which is expressed in these haematological cancers.Here we put forward a mathematical model describing the time response of leukaemias to the injection of CAR T cells. The model accounts for mature and progenitor B-cells, leukaemic cells, CAR T cells and side effects by including the main biological processes involved. The model explains the early post-injection dynamics of the different compartments and the fact that the number of CAR T cells injected does not critically affect the treatment outcome. An explicit formula is found that gives the maximum CAR T cell expansion in vivo and the severity of side effects. Our mathematical model captures other known features of the response to this immunotherapy. It also predicts that CD19(+) cancer relapses could be the result of competition between leukaemic and CAR T cells, analogous to predator-prey dynamics. We discuss this in the light of the available evidence and the possibility of controlling relapses by early re-challenging of the leukaemia cells with stored CAR T cells.enMathematical modellingCancer dynamicsImmunotherapyTumour-immune system interactionsMathematical oncologyLife-spanRemissionsNeoplasmsImmunotherapyRecurrenceTreatment outcomeHematologic neoplasmsBiological phenomenaModels, theoreticalLeukemiaResearch articleopen accessFenómenos biológicosInmunoterapiaLeucemiaModelos teóricosNeoplasiasNeoplasias hematológicasRecurrenciaResultado del tratamiento10.1016/j.cnsns.2020.1055701878-7274http://arxiv.org/pdf/2003.10236612166700004