Lin, ChunqingSlama, JiriGonzalez, PaulaGoodman, Marc TXia, NingshaoKreimer, Aimée RWu, TingHessol, Nancy AShvetsov, YuriiOrtiz, Ana PGrinsztejn, BeatrizMoscicki, Anna-BarbaraHeard, IsabelleDel Refugio González Losa, MaríaKojic, Erna MSchim van der Loeff, Maarten FWei, FeixueLongatto-Filho, AdhemarMbulawa, Zizipho APalefsky, Joel MSohn, Annette HHernandez, Brenda YRobison, KatinaSimpson, SteveConley, Lois Jde Pokomandy, Alexandravan der Sande, Marianne A BDube Mandishora, Racheal SVolpini, Lays P BPierangeli, AlessandraRomero, ByronWilkin, TimothyFranceschi, SilviaHidalgo-Tenorio, CarmenRamautarsing, Reshmie APark, Ina UTso, Fernanda KGodbole, SheelaD'Hauwers, Kathleen W MSehnal, BorekMenezes, Lynette JHeráclio, Sandra AClifford, Gary M2023-01-252023-01-252019-06-13http://hdl.handle.net/10668/14122Cervical cancer screening might contribute to the prevention of anal cancer in women. We aimed to investigate if routine cervical cancer screening results-namely high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cytohistopathology-predict anal HPV16 infection, anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) and, hence, anal cancer. We did a systematic review of MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane library for studies of cervical determinants of anal HPV and HSIL published up to Aug 31, 2018. We centrally reanalysed individual-level data from 13 427 women with paired cervical and anal samples from 36 studies. We compared anal high-risk HPV prevalence by HIV status, cervical high-risk HPV, cervical cytohistopathology, age, and their combinations, using prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% CIs. Among 3255 women with anal cytohistopathology results, PRs were similarly calculated for all anal HSIL and HPV16-positive anal HSIL. Cervical and anal HPV infections were highly correlated. In HIV-negative women, anal HPV16 prevalence was 41% (447/1097) in cervical HPV16-positive versus 2% (214/8663) in cervical HPV16-negative women (PR 16·5, 95% CI 14·2-19·2, p HPV-based cervical cancer screening programmes might help to stratify anal cancer risk, irrespective of HIV status. For targeted secondary anal cancer prevention in high-risk groups, HIV-negative women with cervical HPV16, especially those older than 45 years, have a similar anal cancer risk profile to that of HIV-positive women. International Agency for Research on Cancer.enAnus NeoplasmsEarly Detection of CancerFemaleGlobal HealthHIV SeropositivityHuman papillomavirus 16HumansPapillomavirus InfectionsPrevalenceUterine Cervical Neoplasmsresearch article31204304open access10.1016/S1473-3099(19)30164-11474-4457PMC6656696http://www.thelancet.com/article/S1473309919301641/pdfhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6656696/pdf