Abumayyaleh, MohammadNunez-Gil, Ivan J.El-Battrawy, IbrahimEstrada, VicenteManuel Becerra-Munoz, VictorUribarri, AitorFernandez-Rozas, InmaculadaFeltes, GiselaArroyo-Espliguero, RamonTrabattoni, DanielaLopez Pais, JavierPepe, MartinoRomero, RodolfoElizabeth Ortega-Armas, MariaBianco, MatteoCapel Astrua, ThamarD'Ascenzo, FabrizioFabregat-Andres, OscarBallester, AndreaMarin, FranciscoBuonsenso, DaniloSanchez-Gimenez, RaulWeiss, ChristelFernandez Perez, CristinaFernandez-Ortiz, AntonioMacaya, CarlosAkin, IbrahimHOPE COVID-19 Investigators2025-01-072025-01-072021-10-14https://hdl.handle.net/10668/26921Background: Patients with sepsis with a concomitant coronavirus (COVID-19) infection are related to a high morbidity and mortality rate. We investigated a large cohort of patients with sepsis with a concomitant COVID-19, and we developed a risk score for the estimation of sepsis risk in COVID-19.Methods: We conducted a sub-analysis from the international Health Outcome Predictive Evaluation Registry for COVID-19 (HOPE-COVID-19-Registry, NCT04334291). Out of 5,837 patients with COVID-19, 624 patients were diagnosed with sepsis according to the Sepsis-3 International Consensus.Results: In multivariable analysis, the following risk factors were identified as independent predictors for developing sepsis: current smoking, tachypnoea (>22 breath per minute), hemoptysis, peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO(2)) 22 breath per minute), hemoptysis, peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO(2)) 1.5 mg/dl. By assigning odds ratio (OR) weighted points to these variables, the following three risk categories were defined to develop sepsis during admission: low-risk group (probability of sepsis 3.1-11.8%); intermediate-risk group (24.8-53.8%); and high-risk-group (58.3-100%). A score of 1 was assigned to current smoking, tachypnoea, decreased SpO(2), decreased BP, decreased GCS, elevated PCT, TnI, and creatinine, whereas a score of 2 was assigned to hemoptysis.Conclusions: The HOPE Sepsis Score including nine parameters is useful in identifying high-risk COVID-19 patients to develop sepsis. Sepsis in COVID-19 is associated with a high mortality rate.enAttribution 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/sepsisscoreCOVID-19SARS-CoV-2outcomeConsensus definitionsPneumoniaresearch article34805199open access10.3389/fmed.2021.7281022296-858Xhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2021.728102/pdf719330700001