Vázquez-Carballo, CristinaGuerrero-Hue, MelaniaGarcía-Caballero, CristinaRayego-Mateos, SandraOpazo-Ríos, LucasMorgado-Pascual, José LuisHerencia-Bellido, CarmenVallejo-Mudarra, MercedesCortegano, IsabelGaspar, María Luisade Andrés, BelénEgido, JesúsMoreno, Juan Antonio2022-11-302022-11-302021-01-15Vázquez-Carballo C, Guerrero-Hue M, García-Caballero C, Rayego-Mateos S, Opazo-Ríos L, Morgado-Pascual JL, et al. Toll-Like Receptors in Acute Kidney Injury. Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Jan 15;22(2):8161661-6596http://hdl.handle.net/10668/4438Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an important health problem, affecting 13.3 million individuals/year. It is associated with increased mortality, mainly in low- and middle-income countries, where renal replacement therapy is limited. Moreover, survivors show adverse long-term outcomes, including increased risk of developing recurrent AKI bouts, cardiovascular events, and chronic kidney disease. However, there are no specific treatments to decrease the adverse consequences of AKI. Epidemiological and preclinical studies show the pathological role of inflammation in AKI, not only at the acute phase but also in the progression to chronic kidney disease. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are key regulators of the inflammatory response and have been associated to many cellular processes activated during AKI. For that reason, a number of anti-inflammatory agents targeting TLRs have been analyzed in preclinical studies to decrease renal damage during AKI. In this review, we updated recent knowledge about the role of TLRs, mainly TLR4, in the initiation and development of AKI as well as novel compounds targeting these molecules to diminish kidney injury associated to this pathological condition.enAtribución 4.0 Internacionalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Toll-like receptorsInflammationAcute kidney injuryDrugsTherapyRisk factorsChronic kidney diseaseReceptores toll-likeInflamaciónLesión renal agudaMedicamentosTerapiaFactores de riesgoInsuficiencia renal crónicaMedical Subject Headings::Diseases::Male Urogenital Diseases::Urologic Diseases::Kidney Diseases::Renal Insufficiency::Acute Kidney InjuryMedical Subject Headings::Organisms::Eukaryota::AnimalsMedical Subject Headings::Diseases::Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms::Pathologic Processes::Disease Attributes::Disease ProgressionMedical Subject Headings::Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::HumansMedical Subject Headings::Anatomy::Urogenital System::Urinary Tract::KidneyMedical Subject Headings::Diseases::Male Urogenital Diseases::Urologic Diseases::Kidney Diseases::Renal Insufficiency::Renal Insufficiency, ChronicMedical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Therapeutics::Renal Replacement TherapyMedical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Statistics as Topic::Probability::Risk::Risk FactorsMedical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins::Proteins::Membrane Proteins::Receptors, Cell Surface::Receptors, Immunologic::Receptors, Pattern Recognition::Toll-Like Receptors::Toll-Like Receptor 4Medical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins::Proteins::Membrane Proteins::Receptors, Cell Surface::Receptors, Immunologic::Receptors, Pattern Recognition::Toll-Like ReceptorsMedical Subject Headings::Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena::Social Sciences::Internationality::International Cooperation::Developing CountriesMedical Subject Headings::Diseases::Cardiovascular DiseasesMedical Subject Headings::Diseases::Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms::Pathologic Processes::InflammationMedical Subject Headings::Persons::Persons::Patients::SurvivorsMedical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Chemical Actions and Uses::Pharmacologic Actions::Therapeutic Uses::Anti-Inflammatory Agentsreview article33467524open access10.3390/ijms220208161422-0067PMC7830297