RT Journal Article
T1 Concentrations of bisphenol A and parabens in socks for infants and young children in Spain and their hormone-like activities.
A1 Freire, Carmen
A1 Molina-Molina, José-Manuel
A1 Iribarne-Durán, Luz M
A1 Jiménez-Díaz, Inmaculada
A1 Vela-Soria, Fernando
A1 Mustieles, Vicente
A1 Arrebola, Juan Pedro
A1 Fernández, Mariana F
A1 Artacho-Cordón, Francisco
A1 Olea, Nicolás
K1 Bisphenol A (BPA)
K1 Children
K1 Dermal exposure
K1 E-Screen
K1 Parabens
K1 Textile
AB Little information is available on the content of bisphenol A (BPA) and other endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) such as parabens in infant textiles and clothes. 1) To determine the concentrations of BPA and parabens in socks for infants and young children purchased in Spain, 2) to assess the (anti-)estrogenicity and (anti-)androgenicity of extracts from the socks, and 3) to estimate dermal exposure doses to these chemicals. Thirty-two pairs of socks for infants and young children (1-48 months) were purchased from 3 stores in Granada (Spain). Textile material was cut from the foot, toe, and leg of each sock (n = 96 samples) for chemical analysis. Hormone-like activities were determined in foot sections (n = 32 samples) by using the E-Screen assay for (anti-)estrogenicity and PALM luciferase assay for (anti-)androgenicity. BPA was present in 90.6% of samples at concentrations ranging from  This is the first report in Europe on the wide presence of BPA and parabens in socks marketed for infants and children. BPA appears to contribute to the hormone-like activity observed in sock extracts.
YR 2019
FD 2019-04-12
LK http://hdl.handle.net/10668/13829
UL http://hdl.handle.net/10668/13829
LA en
DS RISalud
RD Apr 11, 2025