%0 Journal Article
%A Abdulkadir, Mohamed
%A Yu, Dongmei
%A Osiecki, Lisa
%A King, Robert A
%A Fernandez, Thomas V
%A Brown, Lawrence W
%A Cheon, Keun-Ah
%A Coffey, Barbara J
%A Garcia-Delgar, Blanca
%A Gilbert, Donald L
%A Grice, Dorothy E
%A Hagstrøm, Julie
%A Hedderly, Tammy
%A Heyman, Isobel
%A Hong, Hyun Ju
%A Huyser, Chaim
%A Ibanez-Gomez, Laura
%A Kim, Young Key
%A Kim, Young-Shin
%A Koh, Yun-Joo
%A Kook, Sodahm
%A Kuperman, Samuel
%A Leventhal, Bennett
%A Madruga-Garrido, Marcos
%A Maras, Athanasios
%A Mir, Pablo
%A Morer, Astrid
%A Münchau, Alexander
%A Plessen, Kerstin J
%A Roessner, Veit
%A Shin, Eun-Young
%A Song, Dong-Ho
%A Song, Jungeun
%A Visscher, Frank
%A Zinner, Samuel H
%A Mathews, Carol A
%A Scharf, Jeremiah M
%A Tischfield, Jay A
%A Heiman, Gary A
%A Dietrich, Andrea
%A Hoekstra, Pieter J
%T Investigation of gene-environment interactions in relation to tic severity.
%D 2021
%U http://hdl.handle.net/10668/18374
%X Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neuropsychiatric disorder with involvement of genetic and environmental factors. We investigated genetic loci previously implicated in Tourette syndrome and associated disorders in interaction with pre- and perinatal adversity in relation to tic severity using a case-only (N = 518) design. We assessed 98 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) selected from (I) top SNPs from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of TS; (II) top SNPs from GWASs of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and autism spectrum disorder (ASD); (III) SNPs previously implicated in candidate-gene studies of TS; (IV) SNPs previously implicated in OCD or ASD; and (V) tagging SNPs in neurotransmitter-related candidate genes. Linear regression models were used to examine the main effects of the SNPs on tic severity, and the interaction effect of these SNPs with a cumulative pre- and perinatal adversity score. Replication was sought for SNPs that met the threshold of significance (after correcting for multiple testing) in a replication sample (N = 678). One SNP (rs7123010), previously implicated in a TS meta-analysis, was significantly related to higher tic severity. We found a gene-environment interaction for rs6539267, another top TS GWAS SNP. These findings were not independently replicated. Our study highlights the future potential of TS GWAS top hits in gene-environment studies.
%K Gene–environment interaction
%K Pre- and perinatal complications
%K Tic severity
%K Tourette syndrome
%~