RT Journal Article
T1 Sex Differences in the Amount and Patterns of Car-Driving Exposure in Spain, 2014 to 2017: An Application of a Quasi-Induced Exposure Approach
A1 Mateos-Granados, Jose
A1 Martin-delosReyes, Luis Miguel
A1 Rivera-Izquierdo, Mario
A1 Jimenez-Mejias, Eladio
A1 Martinez-Ruiz, Virginia
A1 Lardelli-Claret, Pablo
K1 car-driving exposure
K1 gender differences
K1 environmental factors
K1 traffic epidemiology
K1 quasi-induced exposure
K1 Road traffic injuries
K1 Gender-differences
K1 Accident involvement
K1 Vehicle crashes
K1 Driver age
K1 Risk
K1 Rates
K1 Young
K1 Assumption
K1 Mobility
AB We designed a cross-sectional study in Spain, from 2014 to 2017. Our objective was to assess sex-related differences in the amount of driving exposure of car drivers, overall and stratified by the main environment-related driving conditions. We compared the sex distribution across three populations: (1) total number of person-years aged > 18 years; (2) total number of person-years aged > 18 years holding a valid car-driving license; and (3) total number of non-responsible car drivers involved in crashes with another offending driver, stratified by different environmental variables. The quasi-induced exposure approach was applied: the non-responsible drivers were considered as representative of the entire population of drivers on the road at the place and time at which the crash occurred. We calculated the female-to-male odds ratio (OR) by comparing population 2 versus 1, and population 3 versus 2. Finally, we performed separate regression models in population 3 for each environment-related variable as the dependent variable and driver's age and sex as the independent variables. The female-to-male OR for the first comparison was 1.12, but values below 1 were found for extreme age groups. In the second comparison, an OR of 0.50 (0.49-0.51) was found, with progressively lower OR values as age increased. In population 3, women were found to drive less than men in environments known to be high risk (i.e., open roads, night-time, poor light conditions, and weekends). A significant gender gap exists in the amount and type of driving exposure. Although women obtain a driving license more frequently than men, they drive much less and tend to avoid high-risk environments. These results emphasize the need to incorporate a gender perspective in the development and implementation of road safety interventions.
PB Mdpi
YR 2021
FD 2021-12-01
LK https://hdl.handle.net/10668/27787
UL https://hdl.handle.net/10668/27787
LA en
DS RISalud
RD Apr 17, 2025