RT Journal Article T1 Laboratory protocol for the digital multiplexed gene expression analysis of nasopharyngeal swab samples using the NanoString nCounter system. A1 Garcia-Aranda, Marilina A1 Lopez-Rodriguez, Inmaculada A1 Garcia-Gutierrez, Susana A1 Padilla-Ruiz, Maria A1 de-Luque, Vanessa A1 Hortas, Maria Luisa A1 Diaz, Tatiana A1 Alvarez, Martina A1 Barragan-Mallofret, Isabel A1 Redondo, Maximino K1 Digital RNA quantification K1 Immunology K1 Gene expression K1 Nasopharyngeal swab K1 Respiratory infection AB This paper describes a laboratory protocol to perform the NanoString nCounter Gene Expression Assay from nasopharyngeal swab samples.  It is urgently necessary to identify factors related to severe symptoms of respiratory infectious diseases, such as COVID-19, in order to assess the possibility of establishing preventive or preliminary therapeutic measures and to plan the services to be provided on hospital admission. At present, the samples recommended for microbiological diagnosis are those taken from the upper and/or the lower respiratory tract.  The NanoString nCounter Gene Expression Assay is a method based on the direct digital detection of mRNA molecules by means of target-specific, colour-coded probe pairs, without the need for mRNA conversion to cDNA by reverse transcription or the amplification of the resulting cDNA by PCR. This platform includes advanced analysis tools that reduce the need for bioinformatics support and also offers reliable sensitivity, reproducibility, technical robustness and utility for clinical application, even in RNA samples of low RNA quality or concentration, such as paraffin-embedded samples. Although the protocols for the analysis of blood or formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples are provided by the manufacturer, no corresponding protocol for the analysis of nasopharyngeal swab samples has yet been established. Therefore, the approach we describe could be adopted to determine the expression of target genes in samples obtained from nasopharyngeal swabs using the nCOUNTER technology. PB Faculty of 1000 YR 2022 FD 2022-09-30 LK http://hdl.handle.net/10668/21681 UL http://hdl.handle.net/10668/21681 LA en NO García Aranda M, López-Rodríguez I, García-Gutiérrez S, Padilla-Ruiz M, de Luque V, Hortas ML, et al. Laboratory protocol for the digital multiplexed gene expression analysis of nasopharyngeal swab samples using the NanoString nCounter system. F1000Res. 2022 Feb 2;11:133 NO This research was supported by grants from Instituto de Salud Carlos III through the project REDISSEC COV20/0059 awarded to MR; Consejería de Economía, Conocimiento, Empresas y Universidad de la Junta de Andalucía through the projects CV207697_COVID to MR and CV20-62050_COVID to IB, as well as by donations from Fundación Fuerte (Marbella, Spain) and Ms Isabel María Luque Bardón to the Research and Innovation Unit at Hospital Costa del Sol. DS RISalud RD Apr 17, 2025