RT Journal Article
T1 The Biological Contributions to Gender Identity and Gender Diversity: Bringing Data to the Table.
A1 Polderman, Tinca J C
A1 Kreukels, Baudewijntje P C
A1 Irwig, Michael S
A1 Beach, Lauren
A1 Chan, Yee-Ming
A1 Derks, Eske M
A1 Esteva, Isabel
A1 Ehrenfeld, Jesse
A1 Heijer, Martin Den
A1 Posthuma, Danielle
A1 Raynor, Lewis
A1 Tishelman, Amy
A1 Davis, Lea K
A1 International Gender Diversity Genomics Consortium, 
K1 Gender dysphoria
K1 Gender identity
K1 Genetics
K1 Heritability
K1 Transgender
K1 Twin studies
AB The American Psychological Association defines gender identity as, "A person's deeply-felt, inherent sense of being a boy, a man, or a male; a girl, a woman, or a female; or an alternative gender (e.g., genderqueer, gender nonconforming, gender neutral) that may or may not correspond to a person's sex assigned at birth or to a person's primary or secondary sex characteristics" (American Psychological Association, Am Psychol 70(9):832-864, 2015). Here we review the evidence that gender identity and related socially defined gender constructs are influenced in part by innate factors including genes. Based on the data reviewed, we hypothesize that gender identity is a multifactorial complex trait with a heritable polygenic component. We argue that increasing the awareness of the biological diversity underlying gender identity development is relevant to all domains of social, medical, and neuroscience research and foundational for reducing health disparities and promoting human-rights protections for gender minorities.
YR 2018
FD 2018-02-19
LK http://hdl.handle.net/10668/12154
UL http://hdl.handle.net/10668/12154
LA en
DS RISalud
RD Apr 4, 2025