RT Journal Article
T1 Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for the Treatment of Bladder Cancer.
A1 Lopez-Beltran, Antonio
A1 Cimadamore, Alessia
A1 Blanca, Ana
A1 Massari, Francesco
A1 Vau, Nuno
A1 Scarpelli, Marina
A1 Cheng, Liang
A1 Montironi, Rodolfo
K1 Atezolizumab
K1 Avelumab
K1 Durvalumab
K1 Nivolumab
K1 PD-1
K1 PD-L1
K1 Pembrolizumab
AB A number of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been approved as first-line therapy in case of cisplatin-ineligible patients or as second-line therapy for patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) of the bladder. About 30% of patients with mUC will respond to ICIs immunotherapy. Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression detected by immunohistochemistry seems to predict response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with mUC as supported by the objective response rate (ORR) and overall survival (OS) associated with the response observed in most clinical trials. Pembrolizumab, an anti-PD-1 antibody, demonstrated better OS respective to chemotherapy in a randomized phase 3 study for second-line treatment of mUC. Nivolumab, a PD-1 antibody, also demonstrated an OS benefit when compared to controls. Atezolizumab, Durvalumab, and Avelumab antibodies targeting PD-L1 have also received approval as second-line treatments for mUC with durable response for more than 1 year in selected patients. Atezolizumab and Pembrolizumab also received approval for first-line treatment of patients that are ineligible for cisplatin. A focus on the utility of ICIs in the adjuvant or neoadjuvant setting, or as combination with chemotherapy, is the basis of some ongoing trials. The identification of a clinically useful biomarker, single or in association, to determine the optimal ICIs treatment for patients with mUC is very much needed as emphasized by the current literature. In this review, we examined relevant clinical trial results with ICIs in patients with mUC alone or as part of drug combinations; emphasis is also placed on the adjuvant and neoadjuvant setting. The current landscape of selected biomarkers of response to ICIs including anti-PD-L1 immunohistochemistry is also briefly reviewed.
PB MDPI
SN 2072-6694
YR 2020
FD 2020-12-30
LK http://hdl.handle.net/10668/16926
UL http://hdl.handle.net/10668/16926
LA en
NO Lopez-Beltran A, Cimadamore A, Blanca A, Massari F, Vau N, Scarpelli M, et al.  Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for the Treatment of Bladder Cancer. Cancers (Basel). 2021 Jan 3;13(1):131
DS RISalud
RD Apr 7, 2025