RT Journal Article
T1 Sleep Apnea: Types, Mechanisms, and Clinical Cardiovascular Consequences.
A1 Javaheri, Shahrokh
A1 Barbe, Ferran
A1 Campos-Rodriguez, Francisco
A1 Dempsey, Jerome A
A1 Khayat, Rami
A1 Javaheri, Sogol
A1 Malhotra, Atul
A1 Martinez-Garcia, Miguel A
A1 Mehra, Reena
A1 Pack, Allan I
A1 Polotsky, Vsevolod Y
A1 Redline, Susan
A1 Somers, Virend K
K1 central sleep apnea
K1 hypertension
K1 obstructive sleep apnea
AB Sleep apnea is highly prevalent in patients with cardiovascular disease. These disordered breathing events are associated with a profile of perturbations that include intermittent hypoxia, oxidative stress, sympathetic activation, and endothelial dysfunction, all of which are critical mediators of cardiovascular disease. Evidence supports a causal association of sleep apnea with the incidence and morbidity of hypertension, coronary heart disease, arrhythmia, heart failure, and stroke. Several discoveries in the pathogenesis, along with developments in the treatment of sleep apnea, have accumulated in recent years. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of sleep apnea, the evidence that addresses the links between sleep apnea and cardiovascular disease, and research that has addressed the effect of sleep apnea treatment on cardiovascular disease and clinical endpoints. Finally, we review the recent development in sleep apnea treatment options, with special consideration of treating patients with heart disease. Future directions for selective areas are suggested.
YR 2017
FD 2017
LK http://hdl.handle.net/10668/10871
UL http://hdl.handle.net/10668/10871
LA en
DS RISalud
RD Apr 19, 2025