RT Journal Article
T1 Prevalence and Risk Factors for Multidrug-Resistant Organisms Colonization in Long-Term Care Facilities Around the World: A Review
A1 Rodríguez-Villodres, Ángel
A1 Martín-Gandul, Cecilia
A1 Peñalva, Germán
A1 Guisado-Gil, Ana Belén
A1 Crespo-Rivas, Juan Carlos
A1 Pachón-Ibáñez, María Eugenia
A1 Lepe, José Antonio
A1 Cisneros, José Miguel
K1 Multidrug-resistant organism
K1 Long term care facilities
K1 Nursing homes
K1 Prevalence
K1 Risk factors
K1 Antimicrobial stewardship
K1 Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus
K1 Pseudomonas aeruginosa
K1 Acinetobacter baumannii
K1 Enterococcus
K1 Cuidados a largo plazo
K1 Casas de salud
K1 Prevalencia
K1 Factores de riesgo
K1 Programas de optimización del uso de los antimicrobianos
K1 Staphylococcus aureus resistente a meticilina
AB Elderly people confined to chronic care facilities face an increased risk of acquiring infections by multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs). This review presents the current knowledge of the prevalence and risk factors for colonization by MDROs in long-term care facilities (LTCF), thereby providing a useful reference to establish objectives for implementing successful antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs). We searched in PubMed and Scopus for studies examining the prevalence of MDROs and/or risk factors for the acquisition of MDROs in LTCF. One hundred and thirty-four studies published from 1987 to 2020 were included. The prevalence of MDROs in LTCF varies between the different continents, where Asia reported the highest prevalence of extended-spectrum ß-lactamase (ESBL) Enterobacterales (71.6%), carbapenem resistant (CR) Enterobacterales (6.9%) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (25.6%) and North America the highest prevalence to MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa (5.4%), MDR Acinetobacter baumannii (15.0%), vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp. (VRE) (4.0%), and Clostridioides difficile (26.1%). Furthermore, MDRO prevalence has experienced changes over time, with increases in MDR P. aeruginosa and extended spectrum ß-lactamase producing Enterobacterales observed starting in 2015 and decreases of CR Enterobacterales, MDR A. baumannii, VRE, MRSA and C. difficile. Several risk factors have been found, such as male sex, chronic wounds, the use of medical devices, and previous antibiotic use. The last of these aspects represents one of the most important modifiable factors for reducing colonization with MDROs through implementing ASPs in LTCF.
PB MDPI
YR 2021
FD 2021-06-07
LK http://hdl.handle.net/10668/4356
UL http://hdl.handle.net/10668/4356
LA en
NO Rodríguez-Villodres Á, Martín-Gandul C, Peñalva G, Guisado-Gil AB, Crespo-Rivas JC, Pachón-Ibáñez ME, et al. Prevalence and Risk Factors for Multidrug-Resistant Organisms Colonization in Long-Term Care Facilities Around the World: A Review. Antibiotics. 2021 Jun 7;10(6):680.
DS RISalud
RD Apr 10, 2025