RT Journal Article
T1 Assessing the Consequences of External Reference Pricing for Global Access to Medicines and Innovation: Economic Analysis and Policy Implications.
A1 Incze, András
A1 Kaló, Zoltán
A1 Espín, Jaime
A1 Kiss, Éva
A1 Kessabi, Sophia
A1 Garrison, Louis P
K1 External Reference Pricing
K1 Patient Access
K1 Pharmaceutical Innovation
K1 Price Regulation
K1 U.S.
K1 Worldwide
AB Background: External reference pricing (ERP) is used to set pharmaceutical prices to improve affordability, but its application may have negative consequences on patient access-thus, equity-across countries and on global innovation. With the United States contemplating ERP, negative effects could be magnified. Our aim: identify and quantify some major consequences of ERP. Research design, methods: Besides relying on databases and ERP modelling, we developed a heart failure case study. 4-step approach: 1) review ERP policies; 2) establish worldwide "price corridor"; 3) quantify patient access and health outcomes impact by ERP; 4) estimate ERP impact on innovation. Results: Our ERP referencing analysis highlights its perverse effects especially in lower-income countries. As counterstrategies to protect their revenues, manufacturers often implement tight list price corridors or launch avoidance/delays. Consequences include suboptimal patient access-hence, worse outcomes-illustrated by our case study: 500,000 + QALYs health loss. Additionally, the ensuing revenue reduction would likely cause innovation loss by one additional medicine that would have benefitted future patients. Conclusion: This research provides key insights on potential unintentional consequences of medicine price setting by ERP worldwide and under a new proposal for the United States. Our results can inform stakeholder discussions to improve patient access to innovative medicines globally.
SN 1663-9812
YR 2022
FD 2022-04-06
LK http://hdl.handle.net/10668/20702
UL http://hdl.handle.net/10668/20702
LA en
DS RISalud
RD Apr 18, 2025