RT Journal Article
T1 Human Exposure to Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and Prenatal Risk Factors for Cryptorchidism and Hypospadias: A Nested Case-Control Study
A1 Fernandez, Mariana F
A1 Olmos, Begoña
A1 Granada, Alicia
A1 López-Espinosa, Maria José
A1 Molina-Molina, José-Manuel
A1 Fernandez, Juan Manuel
A1 Cruz, Milagros
A1 Olea-Serrano, Fátima
A1 Olea, Nicolás
K1 Estrógenos
K1 Hidrocarburos Clorados
K1 Residuos de Plaguicidas
K1 Disruptores Endocrinos
K1 Agricultura
K1 Estudios de Casos y Controles
K1 Criptorquidismo
K1 Femenino
K1 Hospitales Universitarios
K1 Humanos
K1 Hipospadias
K1 Recién Nacido
K1 Masculino
K1 Maternal Exposure
K1 Exposición Profesional
K1 Exposición Paterna
K1 Placenta
K1 Embarazo
K1 Cuestionarios
K1 Factores de Riesgo
K1 Adulto
K1 España
AB BACKGROUND. Exposure to xenoestrogens during pregnancy may disturb the development and function of male sexual organs. OBJECTIVE. In this study we aimed to determine whether the combined effect of environmental estrogens measured as total effective xenoestrogen burden (TEXB) is a risk factor for male urogenital malformations. METHODS. In a case-control study, nested in a mother-child cohort (n = 702) established at Granada University Hospital, we compared 50 newborns with diagnosis of cryptorchidism and/or hypospadias with 114 boys without malformations matched by gestational age, date of birth, and parity. Controls did not differ from the total cohort in confounding variables. TEXB and levels of 16 organochlorine pesticides were measured in placenta tissues. Characteristics of parents, pregnancy, and birth were gathered by questionnaire. We used conditional and unconditional regression models to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS. TEXB from organohalogenated compounds was detectable in 72% and 54% of case and control placentas, respectively. Compared with controls, cases had an OR for detectable versus non-detectable TEXB of 2.82 (95% CI, 1.10-7.24). More pesticides were detected in cases than in controls (9.34 +/- 3.19 vs. 6.97 +/- 3.93). ORs for cases with detectable levels of pesticides, after adjusting for potential confounders in the conditional regression analysis, were o,p'-DDT (OR = 2.25; 95% CI, 1.03-4.89), p,p'-DDT (OR = 2.63; 95% CI, 1.21-5.72), lindane (OR = 3.38; 95% CI, 1.36-8.38), mirex (OR = 2.85; 95% CI, 1.22-6.66), and endosulfan alpha (OR = 2.19; 95% CI, 0.99-4.82). Engagement of mothers in agriculture (OR = 3.47; 95% CI, 1.33-9.03), fathers' occupational exposure to xenoestrogens (OR = 2.98; 95% CI, 1.11-8.01), and history of previous stillbirths (OR = 4.20; 95% CI, 1.11-16.66) were also associated with risk of malformations.CONCLUSIONSWe found an increased risk for male urogenital malformations related to the combined effect of environmental estrogens in placenta.
PB National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
YR 2007
FD 2007-12
LK http://hdl.handle.net/10668/570
UL http://hdl.handle.net/10668/570
LA en
NO Fernandez MF, Olmos B, Granada A, López-Espinosa MJ, Molina-Molina JM, Fernandez JM, et al. Human exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals and prenatal risk factors for cryptorchidism and hypospadias: a nested case-control study. Environ. Health Perspect.. 2007 Dec; 115 Suppl 1:8-14
NO Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't. Reproduced with permission from Environmental Health Perspectives
DS RISalud
RD Mar 14, 2025