%0 Journal Article
%A Abdulkadir, Mohamed
%A Tischfield, Jay A
%A King, Robert A
%A Fernandez, Thomas V
%A Brown, Lawrence W
%A Cheon, Keun-Ah
%A Coffey, Barbara J
%A de Bruijn, Sebastian F T M
%A Elzerman, Lonneke
%A Garcia-Delgar, Blanca
%A Gilbert, Donald L
%A Grice, Dorothy E
%A Hagstrøm, Julie
%A Hedderly, Tammy
%A Heyman, Isobel
%A Hong, Hyun Ju
%A Huyser, Chaim
%A Ibanez-Gomez, Laura
%A Kim, Young Key
%A Kim, Young-Shin
%A Koh, Yun-Joo
%A Kook, Sodahm
%A Kuperman, Samuel
%A Lamerz, Andreas
%A Leventhal, Bennett
%A Ludolph, Andrea G
%A Madruga-Garrido, Marcos
%A Maras, Athanasios
%A Messchendorp, Marieke D
%A Mir, Pablo
%A Morer, Astrid
%A Münchau, Alexander
%A Murphy, Tara L
%A Openneer, Thaïra J C
%A Plessen, Kerstin J
%A Rath, Judith J G
%A Roessner, Veit
%A Fründt, Odette
%A Shin, Eun-Young
%A Sival, Deborah A
%A Song, Dong-Ho
%A Song, Jungeun
%A Stolte, Anne-Marie
%A Tübing, Jennifer
%A van den Ban, Els
%A Visscher, Frank
%A Wanderer, Sina
%A Woods, Martin
%A Zinner, Samuel H
%A State, Matthew W
%A Heiman, Gary A
%A Hoekstra, Pieter J
%A Dietrich, Andrea
%T Pre- and perinatal complications in relation to Tourette syndrome and co-occurring obsessive-compulsive disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
%D 2016
%U http://hdl.handle.net/10668/10341
%X Pre- and perinatal complications have been implicated in the onset and clinical expression of Tourette syndrome albeit with considerable inconsistencies across studies. Also, little is known about their role in co-occurring obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in individuals with a tic disorder. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the role of pre- and perinatal complications in relation to the presence and symptom severity of chronic tic disorder and co-occurring OCD and ADHD using data of 1113 participants from the Tourette International Collaborative Genetics study. This study included 586 participants with a chronic tic disorder and 527 unaffected family controls. We controlled for age and sex differences by creating propensity score matched subsamples for both case-control and within-case analyses. We found that premature birth (OR = 1.72) and morning sickness requiring medical attention (OR = 2.57) were associated with the presence of a chronic tic disorder. Also, the total number of pre- and perinatal complications was higher in those with a tic disorder (OR = 1.07). Furthermore, neonatal complications were related to the presence (OR = 1.46) and severity (b = 2.27) of co-occurring OCD and also to ADHD severity (b = 1.09). Delivery complications were only related to co-occurring OCD (OR = 1.49). We conclude that early exposure to adverse situations during pregnancy is related to the presence of chronic tic disorders. Exposure at a later stage, at birth or during the first weeks of life, appears to be associated with co-occurring OCD and ADHD.
%K Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
%K Delivery
%K Obsessive-compulsive disorder
%K Pregnancy
%K Prenatal
%K Tourette syndrome
%~