RT Journal Article
T1 Apalutamide, Darolutamide and Enzalutamide for Nonmetastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (nmCRPC): A Critical Review.
A1 Cattrini, Carlo
A1 Caffo, Orazio
A1 De-Giorgi, Ugo
A1 Mennitto, Alessia
A1 Gennari, Alessandra
A1 Olmos, David
A1 Castro, Elena
K1 PSMA-PET
K1 Androgen-receptor signaling inhibitors
K1 Apalutamide
K1 Conventional imaging
K1 Darolutamide
K1 Enzalutamide
K1 nmCRPC
K1 Nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer
AB Nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC) represents a condition in which patients with prostate cancer show biochemical progression during treatment with androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) without signs of radiographic progression according to conventional imaging. The SPARTAN, ARAMIS and PROSPER trials showed that apalutamide, darolutamide and enzalutamide, respectively, prolong metastasis-free survival (MFS) and overall survival (OS) of nmCRPC patients with a short PSA doubling time, and these antiandrogens have been recently introduced in clinical practice as a new standard of care. No direct comparison of these three agents has been conducted to support treatment choice. In addition, a significant proportion of nmCRPC on conventional imaging is classified as metastatic with new imaging modalities such as the prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography (PSMA-PET). Some experts posit that these "new metastatic" patients should be treated as mCRPC, resizing the impact of nmCRPC trials, whereas other authors suggest that they should be treated as nmCRPC patients, based on the design of pivotal trials. This review discusses the most convincing evidence regarding the use of novel antiandrogens in patients with nmCRPC and the implications of novel imaging techniques for treatment selection.
PB MDPI
SN 2072-6694
YR 2022
FD 2022-03-31
LK http://hdl.handle.net/10668/20884
UL http://hdl.handle.net/10668/20884
LA en
NO Cattrini C, Caffo O, De Giorgi U, Mennitto A, Gennari A, Olmos D, et al. Apalutamide, Darolutamide and Enzalutamide for Nonmetastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (nmCRPC): A Critical Review. Cancers (Basel). 2022 Mar 31;14(7):1792
NO C.C. was supported by a European Society of Medical Oncology (ESMO) Clinical Research Fellowship (2019–2020). D.O. was supported by a Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación RYC2015-18625 grant and by a CRIS Excellence in Research award from the Fundación CRIS contra el Cáncer (EXCEL-LENCE19-26). E.C. was supported by an Instituto de Salud Carlos III JR18/00011 grant and the Prostate Cancer Foundation Young Investigator Award program.
DS RISalud
RD Apr 11, 2025