RT Journal Article
T1 Dietary Macronutrient Composition in Relation to Circulating HDL and Non-HDL Cholesterol: A Federated Individual-Level Analysis of Cross-Sectional Data from Adolescents and Adults in 8 European Studies
A1 Pinart, Mariona
A1 Jeran, Stephanie
A1 Boeing, Heiner
A1 Stelmach-Mardas, Marta
A1 Standl, Marie
A1 Schulz, Holger
A1 Harris, Carla
A1 von Berg, Andrea
A1 Herberth, Gunda
A1 Koletzko, Sybille
A1 Linseisen, Jakob
A1 Breuninger, Taylor A.
A1 Nothlings, Ute
A1 Barbaresko, Janett
A1 Benda, Stefan
A1 Lachat, Carl
A1 Yang, Chen
A1 Gasparini, Paolo
A1 Robino, Antonietta
A1 Rojo-Martinez, Gemma
A1 Castano, Luis
A1 Guillaume, Michele
A1 Donneau, Anne-Francoise
A1 Hoge, Axelle
A1 Gillain, Nicolas
A1 Avraam, Demetris
A1 Burton, Paul R.
A1 Bouwman, Jildau
A1 Pischon, Tobias
A1 Nimptsch, Katharina
K1 energy density models
K1 substitution
K1 blood lipids
K1 dietary intake
K1 fatty acids
K1 carbohydrates
K1 adults
K1 adolescents
K1 data sharing
K1 data integration
K1 Saturated fatty-acids
K1 Density-lipoprotein-cholesterol
K1 Serum-lipids
K1 Cardiovascular-disease
K1 Carbohydrate intake
K1 Apolipoprotein-b
K1 Blood-pressure
K1 Heart-disease
K1 18 countries
K1 Guinea-pig
AB Background: Associations between increased dietary fat and decreased carbohydrate intake with circulating HDL and non-HDL cholesterol have not been conclusively determined.Objective: We assessed these relations in 8 European observational human studies participating in the European Nutritional Phenotype Assessment and Data Sharing Initiative (ENPADASI) using harmonized data.Methods: Dietary macronutrient intake was recorded using study-specific dietary assessment tools. Main outcome measures were lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations: HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) and non-HDL cholesterol (mg/dL). A cross-sectional analysis on 5919 participants (54% female) aged 13-80 y was undertaken using the statistical platform DataSHIELD that allows remote/federated nondisclosive analysis of individual-level data. Generalized linear models (GLM) were fitted to assess associations between replacing 5% of energy from carbohydrates with equivalent energy from total fats, SFAs, MUFAs, or PUFAs with circulating HDL cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol. GLM were adjusted for study source, age, sex, smoking status, alcohol intake and BMI.Results: The replacement of 5% of energy from carbohydrates with total fats or MUFAs was statistically significantly associated with 0.67 mg/dL (95% CI: 0.40, 0.94) or 0.99 mg/dL (95% CI: 0.37 1.60) higher HDL cholesterol, respectively, but not with non-HDL cholesterol concentrations. The replacement of 5% of energy from carbohydrates with SFAs or PUFAs was not associated with HDL cholesterol, but SFAs were statistically significantly associated with 1.94 mg/dL (95% CI: 0.08, 3.79) higher non-HDL cholesterol, and PUFAs with -3.91 mg/dL (95% CI: -6.98, -0.84) lower non-HDL cholesterol concentrations. A statistically significant interaction by sex for the association of replacing carbohydrates with MUFAs and non-HDL cholesterol was observed, showing a statistically significant inverse association in males and no statistically significant association in females. We observed no statistically significant interaction by age.Conclusions: The replacement of dietary carbohydrates with fats had favorable effects on lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations in European adolescents and adults when fats were consumed as MUFAs or PUFAs but not as SFAs.
PB Oxford univ press
SN 0022-3166
YR 2021
FD 2021-04-13
LK https://hdl.handle.net/10668/24454
UL https://hdl.handle.net/10668/24454
LA en
DS RISalud
RD Apr 12, 2025