RT Journal Article
T1 Oxygen sensing by the carotid body: mechanisms and role in adaptation to hypoxia.
A1 López-Barneo, José
A1 González-Rodríguez, Patricia
A1 Gao, Lin
A1 Fernández-Agüera, M Carmen
A1 Pardal, Ricardo
A1 Ortega-Sáenz, Patricia
K1 adaptation to hypoxia
K1 carotid body
K1 ion channels
K1 mitochondria
K1 mitochondrial complex I signaling
K1 oxygen sensing
K1 stem cells
AB Oxygen (O2) is fundamental for cell and whole-body homeostasis. Our understanding of the adaptive processes that take place in response to a lack of O2(hypoxia) has progressed significantly in recent years. The carotid body (CB) is the main arterial chemoreceptor that mediates the acute cardiorespiratory reflexes (hyperventilation and sympathetic activation) triggered by hypoxia. The CB is composed of clusters of cells (glomeruli) in close contact with blood vessels and nerve fibers. Glomus cells, the O2-sensitive elements in the CB, are neuron-like cells that contain O2-sensitive K(+)channels, which are inhibited by hypoxia. This leads to cell depolarization, Ca(2+)entry, and the release of transmitters to activate sensory fibers terminating at the respiratory center. The mechanism whereby O2modulates K(+)channels has remained elusive, although several appealing hypotheses have been postulated. Recent data suggest that mitochondria complex I signaling to membrane K(+)channels plays a fundamental role in acute O2sensing. CB activation during exposure to low Po2is also necessary for acclimatization to chronic hypoxia. CB growth during sustained hypoxia depends on the activation of a resident population of stem cells, which are also activated by transmitters released from the O2-sensitive glomus cells. These advances should foster further studies on the role of CB dysfunction in the pathogenesis of highly prevalent human diseases.
YR 2016
FD 2016-01-13
LK http://hdl.handle.net/10668/9730
UL http://hdl.handle.net/10668/9730
LA en
DS RISalud
RD Apr 15, 2025