RT Journal Article T1 Three-dimensional printed models for surgical planning of complex congenital heart defects: an international multicentre study. A1 Valverde, Israel A1 Gomez-Ciriza, Gorka A1 Hussain, Tarique A1 Suarez-Mejias, Cristina A1 Velasco-Forte, Maria N A1 Byrne, Nicholas A1 Ordoñez, Antonio A1 Gonzalez-Calle, Antonio A1 Anderson, David A1 Hazekamp, Mark G A1 Roest, Arno A W A1 Rivas-Gonzalez, Jose A1 Uribe, Sergio A1 El-Rassi, Issam A1 Simpson, John A1 Miller, Owen A1 Ruiz, Enrique A1 Zabala, Ignacio A1 Mendez, Ana A1 Manso, Begoña A1 Gallego, Pastora A1 Prada, Freddy A1 Cantinotti, Massimiliano A1 Ait-Ali, Lamia A1 Merino, Carlos A1 Parry, Andrew A1 Poirier, Nancy A1 Greil, Gerald A1 Razavi, Reza A1 Gomez-Cia, Tomas A1 Hosseinpour, Amir-Reza K1 3D printing K1 Congenital heart defects K1 Imaging K1 Medical computer-aided design K1 Surgery AB To evaluate the impact of 3D printed models (3D models) on surgical planning in complex congenital heart disease (CHD). A prospective case-crossover study involving 10 international centres and 40 patients with complex CHD (median age 3 years, range 1 month-34 years) was conducted. Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography were used to acquire and segment the 3D cardiovascular anatomy. Models were fabricated by fused deposition modelling of polyurethane filament, and dimensions were compared with medical images. Decisions after the evaluation of routine clinical images were compared with those after inspection of the 3D model and intraoperative findings. Subjective satisfaction questionnaire was provided. 3D models accurately replicate anatomy with a mean bias of -0.27 ± 0.73 mm. Ninety-six percent of the surgeons agree or strongly agree that 3D models provided better understanding of CHD morphology and improved surgical planning. 3D models changed the surgical decision in 19 of the 40 cases. Consideration of a 3D model refined the planned biventricular repair, achieving an improved surgical correction in 8 cases. In 4 cases initially considered for conservative management or univentricular palliation, inspection of the 3D model enabled successful biventricular repair. 3D models are accurate replicas of the cardiovascular anatomy and improve the understanding of complex CHD. 3D models did not change the surgical decision in most of the cases (21 of 40 cases, 52.5% cases). However, in 19 of the 40 selected complex cases, 3D model helped redefining the surgical approach. PB Oxford University Press YR 2017 FD 2017-05-17 LK http://hdl.handle.net/10668/11647 UL http://hdl.handle.net/10668/11647 LA en NO Valverde, I., Gomez-Ciriza, G., Hussain, T., Suarez-Mejias, C., Velasco-Forte, M. N., Byrne, N., et al. Three-dimensional printed models for surgical planning of complex congenital heart defects: an international multicentre study. European Journal Of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, 52(6), 1139-1148. NO This work was supported by the Institute of Health Carlos III—FIS research grant [PI14/00180] from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. DS RISalud RD Apr 7, 2025