Aquaporin-4 Mediates Permanent Brain Alterations in a Mouse Model of Hypoxia-Aged Hydrocephalus.
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Date
2021-09-09
Authors
Trillo-Contreras, José Luis
Toledo-Aral, Juan José
Villadiego, Javier
Echevarría, Miriam
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Abstract
Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) is the principal water channel in the brain being expressed in astrocytes and ependymal cells. AQP4 plays an important role in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) homeostasis, and alterations in its expression have been associated with hydrocephalus. AQP4 contributes to the development of hydrocephalus by hypoxia in aged mice, reproducing such principal characteristics of the disease. Here, we explore whether these alterations associated with the hydrocephalic state are permanent or can be reverted by reexposure to normoxia. Alterations such as ventriculomegaly, elevated intracranial pressure, and cognitive deficits were reversed, whereas deficits in CSF outflow and ventricular distensibility were not recovered, remaining impaired even one month after reestablishment of normoxia. Interestingly, in AQP4-/- mice, the impairment in CSF drainage and ventricular distensibility was completely reverted by re-normoxia, indicating that AQP4 has a structural role in the chronification of those alterations. Finally, we show that aged mice subjected to two hypoxic episodes experience permanent ventriculomegaly. These data reveal that repetitive hypoxic events in aged cerebral tissue promote the permanent alterations involved in hydrocephalic pathophysiology, which are dependent on AQP4 expression.
Description
MeSH Terms
Age Factors
Animals
Aquaporin 4
Biomarkers
Brain
Disease Models, Animal
Disease Susceptibility
Hydrocephalus
Hypoxia
Immunohistochemistry
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Mice
Phenotype
Animals
Aquaporin 4
Biomarkers
Brain
Disease Models, Animal
Disease Susceptibility
Hydrocephalus
Hypoxia
Immunohistochemistry
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Mice
Phenotype
DeCS Terms
CIE Terms
Keywords
AQP4, astrocytes, cerebral ventricles, cerebrospinal fluid, hydrocephalus, hypoxia