The first wave of the COVID-19 epidemic in Spain was associated with early introductions and fast spread of a dominating genetic variant.

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dc.contributor.authorLópez, Mariana G
dc.contributor.authorChiner-Oms, Álvaro
dc.contributor.authorGarcía de Viedma, Darío
dc.contributor.authorRuiz-Rodriguez, Paula
dc.contributor.authorBracho, Maria Alma
dc.contributor.authorCancino-Muñoz, Irving
dc.contributor.authorD'Auria, Giuseppe
dc.contributor.authorde Marco, Griselda
dc.contributor.authorGarcía-González, Neris
dc.contributor.authorGoig, Galo Adrian
dc.contributor.authorGómez-Navarro, Inmaculada
dc.contributor.authorJiménez-Serrano, Santiago
dc.contributor.authorMartinez-Priego, Llúcia
dc.contributor.authorRuiz-Hueso, Paula
dc.contributor.authorRuiz-Roldán, Lidia
dc.contributor.authorTorres-Puente, Manuela
dc.contributor.authorAlberola, Juan
dc.contributor.authorAlbert, Eliseo
dc.contributor.authorAranzamendi Zaldumbide, Maitane
dc.contributor.authorBea-Escudero, María Pilar
dc.contributor.authorBoga, Jose Antonio
dc.contributor.authorBordoy, Antoni E
dc.contributor.authorCanut-Blasco, Andrés
dc.contributor.authorCarvajal, Ana
dc.contributor.authorCilla Eguiluz, Gustavo
dc.contributor.authorCordón Rodríguez, Maria Luz
dc.contributor.authorCosta-Alcalde, José J
dc.contributor.authorde Toro, María
dc.contributor.authorde Toro Peinado, Inmaculada
dc.contributor.authorDel Pozo, Jose Luis
dc.contributor.authorDuchêne, Sebastián
dc.contributor.authorFernández-Pinero, Jovita
dc.contributor.authorFuster Escrivá, Begoña
dc.contributor.authorGimeno Cardona, Concepción
dc.contributor.authorGonzález Galán, Verónica
dc.contributor.authorGonzalo Jiménez, Nieves
dc.contributor.authorHernáez Crespo, Silvia
dc.contributor.authorHerranz, Marta
dc.contributor.authorLepe, José Antonio
dc.contributor.authorLópez-Causapé, Carla
dc.contributor.authorLópez-Hontangas, José Luis
dc.contributor.authorMartín, Vicente
dc.contributor.authorMartró, Elisa
dc.contributor.authorMilagro Beamonte, Ana
dc.contributor.authorMontes Ros, Milagrosa
dc.contributor.authorMoreno-Muñoz, Rosario
dc.contributor.authorNavarro, David
dc.contributor.authorNavarro-Marí, José María
dc.contributor.authorNot, Anna
dc.contributor.authorOliver, Antonio
dc.contributor.authorPalop-Borrás, Begoña
dc.contributor.authorParra Grande, Mónica
dc.contributor.authorPedrosa-Corral, Irene
dc.contributor.authorPérez González, Maria Carmen
dc.contributor.authorPérez-Lago, Laura
dc.contributor.authorPérez-Ruiz, Mercedes
dc.contributor.authorPiñeiro Vázquez, Luis
dc.contributor.authorRabella, Nuria
dc.contributor.authorRezusta, Antonio
dc.contributor.authorRobles Fonseca, Lorena
dc.contributor.authorRodríguez-Villodres, Ángel
dc.contributor.authorSanbonmatsu-Gámez, Sara
dc.contributor.authorSicilia, Jon
dc.contributor.authorSoriano, Alex
dc.contributor.authorTirado Balaguer, María Dolores
dc.contributor.authorTorres, Ignacio
dc.contributor.authorTristancho, Alexander
dc.contributor.authorMarimón, José María
dc.contributor.authorSeqCOVID-Spain consortium
dc.contributor.authorCoscolla, Mireia
dc.contributor.authorGonzález-Candelas, Fernando
dc.contributor.authorComas, Iñaki
dc.date.accessioned2025-01-07T14:30:29Z
dc.date.available2025-01-07T14:30:29Z
dc.date.issued2021-09-30
dc.description.abstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected the world radically since 2020. Spain was one of the European countries with the highest incidence during the first wave. As a part of a consortium to monitor and study the evolution of the epidemic, we sequenced 2,170 samples, diagnosed mostly before lockdown measures. Here, we identified at least 500 introductions from multiple international sources and documented the early rise of two dominant Spanish epidemic clades (SECs), probably amplified by superspreading events. Both SECs were related closely to the initial Asian variants of SARS-CoV-2 and spread widely across Spain. We inferred a substantial reduction in the effective reproductive number of both SECs due to public-health interventions (Re 
dc.identifier.doi10.1038/s41588-021-00936-6
dc.identifier.essn1546-1718
dc.identifier.pmcPMC8481935
dc.identifier.pmid34594042
dc.identifier.pubmedURLhttps://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8481935/pdf
dc.identifier.unpaywallURLhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41588-021-00936-6.pdf
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10668/26458
dc.issue.number10
dc.journal.titleNature genetics
dc.journal.titleabbreviationNat Genet
dc.language.isoen
dc.organizationSAS - Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves
dc.organizationSAS - Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves
dc.organizationInstituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA)
dc.organizationSAS - Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga
dc.organizationSAS - Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío
dc.page.number1405-1414
dc.pubmedtypeJournal Article
dc.pubmedtypeResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
dc.rights.accessRightsopen access
dc.subject.meshCOVID-19
dc.subject.meshCommunicable Disease Control
dc.subject.meshHumans
dc.subject.meshIncidence
dc.subject.meshModels, Statistical
dc.subject.meshPhylogeny
dc.subject.meshPhysical Distancing
dc.subject.meshQuarantine
dc.subject.meshSARS-CoV-2
dc.subject.meshSeverity of Illness Index
dc.subject.meshSpain
dc.titleThe first wave of the COVID-19 epidemic in Spain was associated with early introductions and fast spread of a dominating genetic variant.
dc.typeresearch article
dc.type.hasVersionVoR
dc.volume.number53

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