Publication: SARS-CoV-2: what it is, how it acts, and how it manifests in imaging studies.
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2020-11-17
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Abstract
COVID-19 is a disease with many clinical, biochemical, and radiological signs that has a predilection for the lungs, probably because of the high number of ACE-2 receptors in this organ. The infection of cells activates proinflammatory substances, causing diffuse alveolar damage, which is the histopathological basis of ARDS. The exudative phase would manifest as ground-glass opacities and consolidation, and the proliferative phase would manifest as a tendency toward a more linear morphology. Both CT and PET/CT findings support the inflammatory character of the lung lesions in the initial phase of the disease and in patients with mild-moderate disease. Severe cases have pulmonary hypoperfusion that is likely due to abnormal alveolar ventilation and perfusion. On the other hand, a prothrombotic state increases the risk of thromboembolic disease through the activation of coagulation and platelet pathways with the production of fibrin degradation products (D-dimer) and consumption of platelets.
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COVID-19, PET/TC, Percusión pulmonar PBV, SARS-2, SARS-CoV-2, TC alta resolución, TC doble energía, dual-energy CT, high-resolution CT, lung perfusion blood volume