Publication:
The Role of the Gut Microbiome in Colorectal Cancer Development and Therapy Response

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Date

2020-05-29

Authors

Sánchez-Alcoholado, Lidia
Ramos-Molina, Bruno
Otero, Ana
Laborda-Illanes, Aurora
Ordóñez, Rafael
Medina, José Antonio
Gómez-Millán, Jaime
Queipo-Ortuño, María Isabel

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MDPI
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Abstract

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Recently, several studies have demonstrated that gut microbiota can alter CRC susceptibility and progression by modulating mechanisms such as inflammation and DNA damage, and by producing metabolites involved in tumor progression or suppression. Dysbiosis of gut microbiota has been observed in patients with CRC, with a decrease in commensal bacterial species (butyrate-producing bacteria) and an enrichment of detrimental bacterial populations (pro-inflammatory opportunistic pathogens). CRC is characterized by altered production of bacterial metabolites directly involved in cancer metabolism including short-chain fatty acids and polyamines. Emerging evidence suggests that diet has an important impact on the risk of CRC development. The intake of high-fiber diets and the supplementation of diet with polyunsaturated fatty acids, polyphenols and probiotics, which are known to regulate gut microbiota, could be not only a potential mechanism for the reduction of CRC risk in a primary prevention setting, but may also be important to enhance the response to cancer therapy when used as adjuvant to conventional treatment for CRC. Therefore, a personalized modulation of the pattern of gut microbiome by diet may be a promising approach to prevent the development and progression of CRC and to improve the efficacy of antitumoral therapy.

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Medical Subject Headings::Diseases::Neoplasms::Neoplasms by Site::Digestive System Neoplasms::Gastrointestinal Neoplasms::Intestinal Neoplasms::Colorectal Neoplasms
Medical Subject Headings::Diseases::Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms::Pathologic Processes::Dysbiosis
Medical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Lipids::Fatty Acids::Fatty Acids, Volatile
Medical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Organic Chemicals::Amines::Polyamines
Medical Subject Headings::Technology and Food and Beverages::Food and Beverages::Food::Dietary Fiber
Medical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Lipids::Fatty Acids::Fatty Acids, Unsaturated
Medical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Organic Chemicals::Hydrocarbons::Hydrocarbons, Cyclic::Hydrocarbons, Aromatic::Benzene Derivatives::Phenols::Polyphenols
Medical Subject Headings::Technology and Food and Beverages::Food and Beverages::Food::Dietary Supplements::Probiotics
Medical Subject Headings::Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::Humans
Medical Subject Headings::Organisms::Bacteria
Medical Subject Headings::Phenomena and Processes::Physiological Phenomena::Nutritional Physiological Phenomena::Diet

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Colorectal cancer, Gut microbiota, Dysbiosis, Inflammation, Short-chain fatty acids, Polyamines, Dietary fiber, Polyunsaturated fatty acids, Polyphenols, Probiotics, Neoplasias colorrectales, Microbioma gastrointestinal, Disbiosis, Inflamación, Ácidos grasos volátiles, Poliaminas, Fibras de la dieta, Ácidos grasos insaturados, Polifenoles, Probióticos

Citation

Sánchez-Alcoholado L, Ramos-Molina B, Otero A, Laborda-Illanes A, Ordóñez R, Medina JA, et al. The Role of the Gut Microbiome in Colorectal Cancer Development and Therapy Response. Cancers. 2020 May 29;12(6):1406