Publication: Alzheimer's Disease, Mild Cognitive Impairment and Mediterranean Diet. A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis
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Date
2021-10-10
Authors
García-Casares, Natalia
Gallego Fuentes, Paloma
Barbancho, Miguel Ángel
López-Gigosos, Rosa
García-Rodríguez, Antonio
Gutiérrez-Bedmar, Mario
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Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a pathology with increasing prevalence in the context of a more long-lived society and it is the first cause of dementia in western countries. It is important to investigate factors that can be protective and may influence its development, in order to act on them trying to reduce AD incidence and its progression. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the effects of a higher adherence to Mediterranean diet (MD) on Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and AD. A literature search in PubMed, The Cochrane Library Plus and Scopus was conducted, selecting articles that analyzed associations between MD adherence and AD biomarkers (Volumetry assessed by MRI and betamiloide and Tau deposits by PET); cognitive performance in patients at risk or presenting MCI and AD; and incidence or progression from MCI to AD. Out of the 589 studies screened, 22 studies met eligibility criteria for the systematic review and qualitative synthesis. Finally, 11 studies were included in the meta-analysis (12,458 participants). Higher adherence to MD was associated with a significantly lower risk of MCI (RR = 0.91, 95%CI = 0.85-0.97) and lower risk of AD (RR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.84-0.93). Our results enhance the importance of taking health-promoting lifestyle measures like following Mediterranean dietary patterns in order to reduce AD risk.
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MeSH Terms
Medical Subject Headings::Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::Humans
Medical Subject Headings::Diseases::Nervous System Diseases::Neurodegenerative Diseases::Tauopathies::Alzheimer Disease
Medical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Therapeutics::Nutrition Therapy::Diet Therapy::Diet, Mediterranean
Medical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Data Collection::Vital Statistics::Morbidity::Incidence
Medical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Data Collection::Vital Statistics::Morbidity::Prevalence
Medical Subject Headings::Psychiatry and Psychology::Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms::Psychology, Social::Life Style
Medical Subject Headings::Psychiatry and Psychology::Psychological Phenomena and Processes::Mental Processes::Cognition
Medical Subject Headings::Information Science::Information Science::Information Storage and Retrieval::Databases as Topic::Databases, Bibliographic::PubMed
Medical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Diagnosis::Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures::Diagnostic Imaging::Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Medical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Diagnosis::Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures::Diagnostic Techniques, Radioisotope::Radionuclide Imaging::Tomography, Emission-Computed::Positron-Emission Tomography
Medical Subject Headings::Diseases::Nervous System Diseases::Neurodegenerative Diseases::Tauopathies::Alzheimer Disease
Medical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Therapeutics::Nutrition Therapy::Diet Therapy::Diet, Mediterranean
Medical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Data Collection::Vital Statistics::Morbidity::Incidence
Medical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Data Collection::Vital Statistics::Morbidity::Prevalence
Medical Subject Headings::Psychiatry and Psychology::Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms::Psychology, Social::Life Style
Medical Subject Headings::Psychiatry and Psychology::Psychological Phenomena and Processes::Mental Processes::Cognition
Medical Subject Headings::Information Science::Information Science::Information Storage and Retrieval::Databases as Topic::Databases, Bibliographic::PubMed
Medical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Diagnosis::Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures::Diagnostic Imaging::Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Medical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Diagnosis::Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures::Diagnostic Techniques, Radioisotope::Radionuclide Imaging::Tomography, Emission-Computed::Positron-Emission Tomography
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Keywords
Mediterranean diet, Alzheimer’s disease, Mild cognitive impairment, Meta-analysis, Dieta mediterránea, Enfermedad de Alzheimer, Disfunción cognitiva, Metaanálisis, Revisión sistemática
Citation
García-Casares N, Gallego Fuentes P, Barbancho MÁ, López-Gigosos R, García-Rodríguez A, Gutiérrez-Bedmar M. Alzheimer's Disease, Mild Cognitive Impairment and Mediterranean Diet. A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med. 2021 Oct 10;10(20):4642