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Valoración del perfil lipídico y de la densidad mineral ósea en pacientes trasplantados renales

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2015-06-01

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Fernández Castillo, Rafael
Fernández Gallegos, Ruth
Peña Amaro, María Pilar
Esteban de la Rosa, Rafael José

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Aula Médica Ediciones
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Introducción: las alteraciones del metabolismo lipídico y del metabolismo mineral óseo son trastornos frecuentes entre los pacientes trasplantados renales, lo que contribuye a la aparación de enfermedades matabólicas y cardiovasculares que ponen en peligro la integridad del injerto. Objetivo: describir y observar la evolución de las alteraciones de la densidad mineral ósea (DMO) y las alteraciones lipídicas en una población de pacientes trasplantados renales. Material y método: en este trabajo se ha seguido a 119 pacientes de ambos sexos trasplantados renales, a los cuales se les realizaron mediciones pretrasplante y postrasplante durante cinco años de parámetros bioquímicos, mediciones antropométricas y de la densidad mineral ósea en columna lumbar, fémur y radio-cubital. Resultados: durante los cinco años tras el trasplante se produce un importante aumento de parámetros bioquímicos, IMC, dislipemia, diabetes e hipertensión arterial. A los seis meses existe un alto porcentaje de pacientes con DMO patológica, aumentando un 4,1% al año del trasplante. Conclusiones: tras el trasplante se produce un gran incremento de la hiperlipidemia que se asocia con un patrón característico de alteración de lípidos con elevación del colesterol total, lipoproteínas de baja densidad, lipoproteínas de alta densidad, así como el consiguiente aumento de los triglicéridos, a pesar del tratamiento con estatinas, lo que conlleva un aumento en los factores de riego de padecer diabetes, hipertension arterial y enfermedades cardiovasculares; además se produce una pérdida de masa ósea, lo que conlleva un alto riesgo de sufrir fracturas graves, poniendo en peligro el injerto renal y la calidad de vida del paciente
INTRODUCTION: Alterations in lipid metabolism and bone mineral metabolism disturbances are common disorders among renal transplant patients, contributing to the apparition of oxidative metabolic and cardiovascular diseases that threaten the integrity of the graft. AIMS: Describe and observe the evolution of alterations in bone mineral density (BMD) and lipid abnormalities in a population of kidney transplant patients. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The samples consisted of 119 kidney transplant patients of both sexes, measurements were performed pretransplant and posttransplant for five years of biochemical parameters, anthropometric measurements and measurement of bone mineral density at the lumbar spine, femur and radioulnar. RESULTS: During the five years after transplantation a significant increase in biochemical parameters, BMI, dyslipidemia, diabetes and hypertension occurs. At six months there is a high percentage of patients with pathologic BMD increase by 4.1% per year of transplantation. CONCLUSIONS: After kidney transplantation, a large increase of hyperlipidemia associated with a characteristic pattern of altered lipid with elevated total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, high density lipoprotein, and the resulting increase in triglycerides, occurs despite statin therapy, leading to an increase in risk factors for diabetes, hypertension, diseases and cardiovascualres further loss of bone mass which carries a high risk of serious fractures occurs, threatening kidney graft and quality of life of patients.

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Medical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Diagnosis::Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures::Physical Examination::Body Constitution::Body Weights and Measures::Body Mass Index
Medical Subject Headings::Phenomena and Processes::Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena::Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena::Bone Density
Medical Subject Headings::Anatomy::Musculoskeletal System::Skeleton::Bone and Bones
Medical Subject Headings::Diseases::Cardiovascular Diseases
Medical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Lipids::Sterols::Cholesterol
Medical Subject Headings::Diseases::Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases::Metabolic Diseases::Glucose Metabolism Disorders::Diabetes Mellitus
Medical Subject Headings::Check Tags::Female
Medical Subject Headings::Anatomy::Musculoskeletal System::Skeleton::Bone and Bones::Bones of Lower Extremity::Leg Bones::Femur
Medical Subject Headings::Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::Humans
Medical Subject Headings::Diseases::Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases::Metabolic Diseases::Lipid Metabolism Disorders::Dyslipidemias::Hyperlipidemias::Hypercholesterolemia
Medical Subject Headings::Diseases::Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases::Metabolic Diseases::Lipid Metabolism Disorders::Dyslipidemias::Hyperlipidemias
Medical Subject Headings::Diseases::Cardiovascular Diseases::Vascular Diseases::Hypertension
Medical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Surgical Procedures, Operative::Transplantation::Organ Transplantation::Kidney Transplantation
Medical Subject Headings::Phenomena and Processes::Metabolic Phenomena::Metabolism::Lipid Metabolism
Medical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Lipids::Lipoproteins::Lipoproteins, HDL
Medical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Lipids::Lipoproteins::Lipoproteins, LDL
Medical Subject Headings::Check Tags::Male
Medical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Inorganic Chemicals::Minerals
Medical Subject Headings::Disciplines and Occupations::Social Sciences::Quality of Life
Medical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Statistics as Topic::Probability::Risk::Risk Factors
Medical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Lipids::Glycerides::Triglycerides

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Keywords

Renal transplantation, Lipid disorders, Hyperlipidemia., Hypertriglyceridemia, Anthropometry, Bone Mineral Density., Trasplante renal, Alteraciones lipídicas, Hiperlipidemia, Hipiertrigliceridemia, Antropometría, Densidad mineral ósea

Citation

Fernández Castillo R, Fernández Gallegos R, Peña Amaro MP, Esteban de la Rosa RJ. Valoración del perfil lipídico y de la densidad mineral ósea en pacientes trasplantados renales. Nutr Hosp. 2015; 31(6):2503-10