Publication:
Prevalence of Neural Autoantibodies in Epilepsy of Unknown Etiology: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Loading...
Thumbnail Image

Date

2021-03-19

Authors

Cabezudo-García, Pablo
Mena-Vázquez, Natalia
Ciano-Petersen, Nicolás L.
García-Martín, Guillermina
Estivill-Torrús, Guillermo
Serrano-Castro, Pedro J.

Advisors

Journal Title

Journal ISSN

Volume Title

Publisher

MDPI
Metrics
Google Scholar
Export

Research Projects

Organizational Units

Journal Issue

Abstract

Background: The prevalence of neural autoantibodies in epilepsy of unknown etiology varies among studies. We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the pooled global prevalence and the prevalence for each antibody. Methods: A systematic search was conducted for studies that included prospectively patients ≥16 years old with epilepsy of unknown etiology and systematically determined neural autoantibodies. A meta-analysis was undertaken to estimate pooled prevalence in total patients with a positive result for at least one neural autoantibody in serum and/or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and for each autoantibody. Results: Ten of the eleven studies that met the inclusion criteria and a total of 1302 patients with epilepsy of unknown etiology were included in themeta-analysis. The global pooled prevalence (IC95%) was 7.6% (4.6–11.2) in a total of 82 patients with a positive result for any neural autoantibody. None of the controls available in the studies had a positive result. Individual pooled prevalence for each autoantibody was: glycine receptor (GlyR) (3.2%), glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) (1.9%), N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) (1.8%), leucine-rich glioma inactivated-1 protein (LGI1) (1.1%), contactin-2-associated protein (CASPR2) (0.6%) and onconeuronal (0.2%). Conclusions: The pooled prevalence of neural autoantibodies in patients with epilepsy of unknown etiology is small but not irrelevant. None of the controls had a positive result. There was high heterogeneity among studies. In the future, a homogeneous protocol for testing neural autoantibodies is recommended.

Description

MeSH Terms

Medical Subject Headings::Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::Humans
Medical Subject Headings::Persons::Persons::Age Groups::Adolescent
Medical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Enzymes and Coenzymes::Enzymes::Lyases::Carbon-Carbon Lyases::Carboxy-Lyases::Glutamate Decarboxylase
Medical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins::Proteins::Carrier Proteins::Membrane Transport Proteins::Ion Channels::Ligand-Gated Ion Channels::Receptors, Ionotropic Glutamate::Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate
Medical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins::Proteins::Carrier Proteins::Membrane Transport Proteins::Ion Channels::Chloride Channels::Receptors, Glycine
Medical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins::Amino Acids::Amino Acids, Branched-Chain::Leucine
Medical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Data Collection::Vital Statistics::Morbidity::Prevalence
Medical Subject Headings::Diseases::Nervous System Diseases::Central Nervous System Diseases::Brain Diseases::Epilepsy
Medical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins::Proteins::Blood Proteins::Immunoproteins::Immunoglobulins::Antibodies::Autoantibodies
Medical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins::Proteins::Glycoproteins::Membrane Glycoproteins::Cell Adhesion Molecules::Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal::Contactins
Medical Subject Headings::Diseases::Neoplasms::Neoplasms by Histologic Type::Neoplasms, Nerve Tissue::Neuroectodermal Tumors::Neoplasms, Neuroepithelial::Glioma
Medical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Epidemiologic Research Design::Meta-Analysis as Topic

DeCS Terms

CIE Terms

Keywords

Epilepsy, Autoimmune epilepsy, Antibodies, Autoantibodies, Neural autoantibodies, Prevalence, Glutamic acid decarboxylase, Glycine receptor, Epilepsia, Anticuerpos, Autoanticuerpos, Prevalencia, Glutamato descarboxilasa, Receptores de glicina

Citation

Cabezudo-García P, Mena-Vázquez N, Ciano-Petersen NL, García-Martín G, Estivill-Torrús G, Serrano-Castro PJ. Prevalence of Neural Autoantibodies in Epilepsy of Unknown Etiology: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Brain Sci. 2021 Mar 19;11(3):392.