Frequency of five cardiovascular/hemostatic entities as primary manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection: Results of the UMC-19-S2.

Abstract

Infection by SARS-CoV-2 is mainly characterized by fever and respiratory symptoms, with dyspnea and lung infiltrates in more severe cases. Many patients also present a pro-coagulant state, which is biochemically detected by increased D-dimer levels and is related to complications and a worse prognosis. In this context, isolated case reports and short case series have suggested an increased risk of patients with COVID-19 developing clinically relevant cardiovascular and hemostatic disturbances. Nonetheless, many of these reports refer to hospitalized patients, and as hospitalization itself usually increases complications in bedridden patients with multidrug treatment or in very poor condition, it is unknown if such cardiovascular/hemostatic processes are related to the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2. Focusing on patients with COVID-19 at emergency department (ED) arrival could help answer this question.